Introduction: Industrial growth, development programs and infrastructure projects, in spite of all the advantages and benefits to humans, has been considered as the source of many hazards, risks and failures. Risk assessment is the organized and systematic method to identify hazards and risk estimation for decisions ranking, in order to reduce the risk to an acceptable extent. The aim of this s...

Cryogenic air separation technology has been successfully employed for many years to supply oxygen for the gasification of a wide range of hydrocarbon feedstocks to generate synthesis gas for the production of fuels, chemicals and other valuable products. Examples include the conversion of liquid and solid refinery waste streams into hydrogen for use within the refinery Ž . along with the copro...

The Technical University of Madrid (UPM) and REPSOL YPF are collaborating in the improvement in the estimation of the emiss ion factors for refinery flares. Flaring is an unavoidable process in the refining activity, both for safety reasons during upset processes (start-up, shut down, system blow-down) and when managing the disposal of waste gases with hydrocarbon from routine operations. The o...

Regarding the increased energy consumption of the processes at the operational units in the National Iranian Oil Company, the present study analyzed energy consumption at one of the gas refineries. In this refinery, which is the main supplier of Fajr Jam refinery for the national gas network, as well as an injection into the oil fields of the Iranian South oil company, the pressure of gas after...

The city of Zarghan is located 25 km northeast of Shiraz, southern Iran. Zarghan is affected by numerous pollution sources such as oil refinery, an industrial park, and Shiraz-Tehran highway. The numerous contaminating sources around Zarghan can cause serious local air pollution. Sulfur dioxide gas is an important index of air pollution in cities. Therefore, in order to control and manage Zargh...

The biofuel mix in transport in the UK must be increased from currently exploited 3.33% to the EU target mix of 10% by 2020. Under the face of this huge challenge, the most viable way forward is to process infrastructure-compatible intermediate, such as bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, into biofuels. New facilities may integrate multiple distributed pyrolysis units produc...

â  performance and capacity of sulfur recovery unit (sru) are greatly affected by the h2s:co2 ratio of the acid gas stream. the acid gases in iran contain around 35 mol% h2s and 60 mol% co2. this low concentration of h2s calls for more complex sulfur plant, larger equipments, and higher costs. acid gas enrichment processes (age) is run to upgrade low quality acid gas collected from gas treating...

Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) is an emerging technology for CO2 capture because separation of this gas from the other flue gas components is inherent to the process and thus no energy is expended for the separation. Natural or refinery gas can be used as gaseous fuels and they may contain different amounts of light hydrocarbons. This paper presents the combustion results obtained with a Cu-...

In this study, a reformer model simulation to use refinery (Farashband refinery, Iran) waste natural gas. In the petroleum and allied sectors where natural gas is being encountered (in form of associated gas) without prior preparation for its positive use, its combustion (which takes place in flares, an equipment through which they are being disposed) has become a great problem because of its a...