The autonomic response (galvanic skin response) to a noxious stimulus (shock) is reduced when the stimulus is preceded by a warning signal. The greatest reduction, 53 percent, was obtained with a warning interval of 1 second. Warning also reduces variance of the response over trials, a decrease of over 90 percent for the optimum 1-second interval.

A statistic is introduced that relates discoveries made in genome-wide association (GWA) studies to patterns of disease risks among relatives. The genotype-specific recurrence risk (GSR) is the genotype-specific risk to relatives of known relationship to affected probands. The GSRs can be used for three purposes. (1) They can provide an independent test of whether an allele identified in a GWA ...

We present GSR, a probabilistic model integrating gene duplication, sequence evolution, and a relaxed molecular clock for substitution rates, that enables genomewide analysis of gene families. The gene duplication and loss process is a major cause for incongruence between gene and species tree, and deterministic methods have been developed to explain such differences through tree reconciliation...

Music is a potent mood regulator that can induce relaxation and reduce anxiety in different situations. While several studies demonstrate that certain types of music have a subjective anxiolytic effect, the reported results from physiological responses are less conclusive. Virtual reality allows us to study diverse scenarios of real life under strict experimental control while preserving high e...

The extent to which instances are good or poor examples of their categories (typicality) was varied in a concept identification (CI) task. Typicality was first established for the kind of artificial material traditionally used in CI tasks (experiment 1). This material was employed in a CI task (experiment 2) with a variety of dependent variables, including the galvanic skin response (GSR). To t...