In a companion paper we outlined a methodology for generating parameter-free, model-independent “no-evolution” fields of faint galaxy images, demonstrating the need for significant evolution in the HDF at faint magnitudes. Here we incorporate evolution into our procedure, by transforming the input bright galaxy images with redshift, for comparison with the HDF at faint magnitudes. Pure luminosi...

The enormous data of the galaxies from the future sky survey might allow us to explore the time evolution of the galaxy distribution. It is also believed that the bias of the galaxies plays an important role for understanding the large-scale structure of the universe. In this paper, we investigate the time evolution of the bias in the stochastic formalism. Using the Egdeworth expansion, we deri...