This paper compares three approaches for solving the problem of measurement error in a hierarchical gain score model. The pre-test and post-test scores are IRT scores with measurement error. Explanatory variables at student level and class level are considered in the model. Simulation results show that the gain score model that does not consider measurement error overestimates the explanatory v...

in order to compare the effects of different weaning strategies on feed intake, structural growth measurement and health, blood metabolites and economic efficiency of young dairy calves, twenty four female holstein calves were used. calves after birth were randomly assigned into one of three weaning strategy as follow: 1) weaning based on feed intake, 2) weaning based on weight gain (30 kg weig...

this paper describes an optimal design for multivariable pi controller with a high gain structure for an irregular system by genetic algorithm. pi controllers with a high gain structure leads to the asymptotic decomposition of the fast and slow modes in the closed loop system that have unique characteristics. the slow modes are asymptotically uncontrollable and unobservable; therefore, they hav...

 A polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF) is fabricated and characterized. Using the cut-back technique the fiber loss is measured which is higher than the step-index silica fibers. Through a novel experimental scheme, the backward Stokes spectrum of the fabricated mPOF is recorded over a range exceeding 3000 cm‑1 during the cut-back method and compared ...