The mass transfer performance of a pulsed disc and doughnut column for extraction of samarium and gadolinium from aqueous nitrate solution with D2EHPA was investigated. The effects of operating parameters such as pulsation intensity, continuous and dispersed phase velocities on column performance were investigated. The axial dispersion model was used to obtain the overall mass transfer coef...

A series of dendritic gadolinium complexes based on dendrimers with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane as the core were synthesized. Both diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and pyridoxamine were incorporated to the amine groups on the surface to give the dendritic ligands. These dendritic ligands were then reacted with gadolinium chloride to yield the corresponding dendritic gadolinium complexes. T...

A Possible Harbinger of Gadolinium Neurotoxicity? Gadolinium chelates are relatively safe agents, with occasional hypersensitivity reactions and systemic toxicity with predominantly extracellular distribution and primarily glomerular clearance. Neurotoxicity has been estimated at approximately 1% on initial studies regarding the pharmacokinetics of gadolinium. We recently encountered a patient ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CT myelography has historically been the test of choice for localization of CSF fistula in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. This study evaluates the additional benefits of intrathecal gadolinium MR myelography in the detection of CSF leak. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension w...

BACKGROUND Gadolinium-induced encephalopathy is a well documented complication due to the inadvertent entrance of a high dose of gadolinium into the intrathecal compartment. In lab animals, injecting gadolinium into the intrathecal compartment resulted in neurotoxicity and seizures. It is also well recognized that the presence of autologous blood in the intrathecal compartment can cause a broad...

The optimum infusion timing and k-space ordering for obtaining gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiograms was determined through computer modeling using temporal contrast characteristics obtained from patient gadolinium infusion data. The effects of bolus timing were evaluated by varying the relationship between peak intravascular gadolinium concentration and the time at which the cent...

Late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established technique for quantification of dense myocardial fibrosis (1). Cohesive regions of myocardial fibrosis, such as infarcted myocardium, are characterized by expanded extracellular matrix due to replacement of normal myocytes with collagen. Gadolinium contrast agents perfuse into and wash out of normal myocardium relativel...

background: the monoclonal antibody, c595, against breast cancer cell line was conjugated with cyclic anhydride gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (gd-cdtpaa) to produce gd-dtpa-c595 and used as specific breast cancer cell line (mcf-7) contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (mri).  methods: after incubation of breast cancer cell line (mcf-7), with different contrast agents (g...

PURPOSE Myocardial late gadolinium enhancement was originally validated using higher than label-recommended doses of gadolinium chelate. The objective of this study was to evaluate available evidence for various gadolinium dosing regimens used for CMR. The relationship of gadolinium dose warnings (due to nephrogenic systemic fibrosis) announced in 2008 to gadolinium dosing regimens was also exa...

OBJECTIVE Clear depiction of the common bile duct is important when evaluating neonatal cholestasis in order to differentiate biliary atresia from other diseases. During MR cholangiopancreatography, the T2-shortening effect of gadolinium can increase the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the bile duct and enhance its depiction. The purpose of this study was to confirm, by performing a phantom st...