In the course of investigating anti-DNA autoantibodies, we examined IgM and IgG antibodies to poly-G and other oligonucleotides in the sera of healthy persons and those diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma (SSc), or pemphigus vulgaris (PV); we used an antigen microarray and informatic analysis. We now report that all of the 135 humans studied, irrespective of health or...

At the beginning of the transition, advice to Central European countries with respect to how to set up their ®nancial systems was based on models used in western economies. This paper analyzes the experiences to set up a ®nancial system in Central Europe. The experience in the ®rst transition years (1990±1996) with ®nancial system architecture shows that changes are slow but that the Central Eu...

This study introduces a new measure of energy diversification. We explore it's impact on economic development across the panels low-income, high-income, European Union (EU), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), G20 countries. The uses data from 1995 to 2018 utilizes Nonlinear Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NPARDL) method. Our findings show that major economies (...

The 2022 Indonesian presidency was a critical juncture in the history of Group 20 (G20). Indonesia took over at time when surging tensions between U.S., China and Russiaimpeded concerted action by G20 essential to secure sustainable equitable recovery long-term growth. Following launch special military operation Ukraine, 7 (G7) put immense pressure on expel Russia from activities. Emerging mark...