Purpose: To describe the clinical features and response to treatment of patients with decompensated monofixation syndrome (MFS) and to propose a hypothesis for a decompensation mechanism in such patients. Methods: Fourteen adults with MFS who had been symptomatically stable for a mean duration of 25 years developed diplopia in the absence of neurologic or orbital disease. After retrospective ch...

Humans have two, frontally placed eyes and during reading oculomotor and sensory processes are needed to combine the two inputs into a unified percept of the text. Generally, slight vergence errors, i.e., fixation disparities, occur but do not cause double vision since disparate retinal inputs fall into Panum's fusional area, that is, a range of disparity wherein sensory fusion of the two retin...

Two special slides, one in front of one eye and one in front of the other eye, were placed in the housings of a synoptophore. The slides were originally designed for the diagnosis and measurement of cyclodeviation, but they were utilised in this study for the measurement of torsional fusional vergence. This was measured by rotating one of the housings of the synoptophore and noting the point of...

A range of dynamic and static vergence responses were evaluated in 12 individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (age: 29 +/- 3 yr) having near vision symptoms. All measures were performed in a crossover design before and after oculomotor training (OMT) and placebo (P) training. Following OMT, peak velocity for both convergence and divergence increased significantly. Increased peak velocity w...

Horizontal fusional responses of 11 strabismics, with normal or anomalous retinal correspondence, were studied. These included four small-angle esotropes with amblyopia, one intermittent esotrope (overcorrected intermittent exotrope), two intermittent exotropes (preoperative esotropes), one accommodative esotrope, and three microtropes with amblyopia. Fusional stimuli (with a constant accommoda...

Purpose. To measure the changes in fusional vergence in Chinese children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) and the association with the control of IXT. Methods. Ninety-two patients with IXT (8-15 years old) were compared with 86 controls. Exodeviation control was evaluated using the Revised Newcastle Control Score. Angle of deviation was measured using prism and alternate cover testing at dista...

The stability of binocular vision depends on good fusional amplitudes. These amplitudes are the result of a reflex arc, the sensory stimulus being caused by the images of the object of regard falling off one fovea. If this image falls outside Panum's area, diplopia will result. The motor response involves a movement of one or both eyes to maintain fusion and avoid diplopia. The afferent sensory...

Fusional vergence dysfunction is a binocular condition that is relatively easy to diagnose and treat but is often overlooked. FVD can negatively impact an individual’s ability to function, particularly when performing near work. A 17-year-old white female presented to our clinic with visual symptoms associated with sustained near work. The findings were characterized by normal phorias, poor but...

purpose : to determine the fusional amplitudes and the frequency of hetrophoria, in our patients methods : in this cross sectional study, 111 adults with mean age of 25.6 years were included. all participants had best corrected visual acuity (bcva) better than 20/25, more than 60 sec of arc stereopsis and had no heterotropia or other significant eye disorders. fusional amplitudes were measured ...