Horizontal fusional responses of 11 strabismics, with normal or anomalous retinal correspondence, were studied. These included four small-angle esotropes with amblyopia, one intermittent esotrope (overcorrected intermittent exotrope), two intermittent exotropes (preoperative esotropes), one accommodative esotrope, and three microtropes with amblyopia. Fusional stimuli (with a constant accommoda...

PURPOSE To compare the results of Worth 4-dot test (WFDT) performed in dark and light, and at different distances, with fusional control in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT). METHODS Dark and light WFDT was performed for new IXT subjects at different distances and the results were compared with level of office-based fusional control. RESULTS Fifty IXT patients including 17 male and...

We evaluated the characteristics of phoria adaptation for vertically induced retinal disparity. An adaptive change in the fusion-free ocular alignment, phoria adaptation, was measured with a computer-aided mirror haploscope at 10, 30, and 60 minutes after the start of wearing of a 3-prism-diopter base up prism by 35 normal subjects ranging in age from 21 to 67 years (mean: 37 years). The relati...

PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of home-based computer vergence therapy for the treatment of binocular vision disorders in adults at least 3 months after an acquired brain injury. METHODS Eligibility criteria included presence of binocular dysfunction characterized by receded near point of convergence (≥6 cm break), insufficient positive fusional vergence at near (failing ...

SEVERAL authors (Lyle and Foley, 1955; Naylor, Shannon, and Stanworth, 1956; Naylor and Stanworth, 1959; Guzzinati and Salvi, 1957; Pasino, Maraini, and Santori, 1963) have observed the absence of a stereoscopic perception of depth in early convergent strabismus with anomalous retinal correspondence. Even in patients with an extremely small fixed ocular deviation and harmonious anomalous retina...

SEVERAL authors (Lyle and Foley, 1955; Naylor, Shannon, and Stanworth, 1956; Naylor and Stanworth, 1959; Guzzinati and Salvi, 1957; Pasino, Maraini, and Santori, 1963) have observed the absence of a stereoscopic perception of depth in early convergent strabismus with anomalous retinal correspondence. Even in patients with an extremely small fixed ocular deviation and harmonious anomalous retina...

SEVERAL authors (Lyle and Foley, 1955; Naylor, Shannon, and Stanworth, 1956; Naylor and Stanworth, 1959; Guzzinati and Salvi, 1957; Pasino, Maraini, and Santori, 1963) have observed the absence of a stereoscopic perception of depth in early convergent strabismus with anomalous retinal correspondence. Even in patients with an extremely small fixed ocular deviation and harmonious anomalous retina...

BACKGROUND The Mallett Unit is a clinical test designed to detect the fixation disparity that is most likely to occur in the presence of a decompensated heterophoria. It measures the associated phoria, which is the "aligning prism" needed to nullify the subjective disparity. The technique has gained widespread acceptance within professions such as optometry, for investigating suspected cases of...

Great discrepancies are often encountered between the distance fixation and the near-fixation esodeviations and exodeviations. They are all attributed to either anomalies of the AC/A ratio or anomalies of the fusional convergence or divergence amplitudes. We report a case with pseudoconvergence insufficiency and another one with pseudoaccommodative convergence excess. In both cases, conv./div. ...