one of the emerging therapeutic strategies for targeted treatment of most cancers is the use of immunotoxins which are fusion proteins consisted of a targeting and a toxic moieties. we previously showed that the recombinant a254-gmcsf fusion protein selectively kills acute myeloblastic leukemia cells which harbor a large number of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (gmcsf) recepto...

Introduction: First branchial cleft anomalies manifest with duplication of the external auditory canal.   Case Report: This report features a rare case of microtia and congenital middle ear and canal cholesteatoma with first branchial fistula. External auditory canal stenosis was complicated by middle ear and external canal cholesteatoma, but branchial fistula, opening in the zygomatic root and...

introduction:most metastatic lymph nodes from head and neck malignancy are solid. cystic nodes are found in 33% - 61% of carcinomas arise from waldeyer’s ring, of which only 1.8% - 8% originate are from the nasopharynx. some cystic cervical metastases were initially presumed to be branchial cleft cyst. this case report aims to highlight the unusual presentation of cystic cervical metastasis sec...

objective(s) staphylococcus aureus is a foremost source of numerous nosocomial and community acquired infections. antibiotic therapy for vancomycin resistant s. aureus (vrsa) can not promise the eradication of infections. since adhesion is the major route of infections, adhesin based vaccine could suppress s. aureus infections. fibronectin binding protein a (fnbpa) and clumping factor a (clfa) ...

Cells of the cranial paraxial mesoderm give rise to parts of the skull and muscles of the head. Some mesoderm cells migrate from locations close to the hindbrain into the branchial arches where they undergo muscle differentiation. We have characterised these migratory pathways in chick embryos either by DiI-labelling cells before migration or by grafting quail cranial paraxial mesoderm orthotop...

Background: Fusion of dendritic cells (DCs) with melanoma cells could reinforce the antigenicity of tumors as a strategy for the treatment of malignant melanoma. However, the insufficient quantity of DCs and the low fusion efficiency limits the development of such approach. Objective: To define the dosage of the stimulating factors as well as the induction condition for the optimal DCs prepara...

background: fusion of dendritic cells (dcs) with melanoma cells could reinforce the antigenicity of tumors as a strategy for the treatment of malignant melanoma. however, the insufficient quantity of dcs and the low fusion efficiency limits the development of such approach. objective: to define the dosage of the stimulating factors as well as the induction condition for the optimal dcs preparat...

background: it seems that the success of vaccination for cancer immunotherapy such as dendritic cell (dc) based cancer vaccine is hindered through a powerful network of immune system suppressive elements in which regulatory t cell is the common factor. foxp3 transcription factor is the most specific marker of regulatory t cells. in different studies, targeting an immune response against regulat...