A new atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer (API-MS) interface has been developed to allow the control of ion transmission through the first vacuum stage of the mass spectrometer. The described interface uses a dual-heated capillary and a dual-inlet ion funnel design. Two electrosprays, aligned with the dual-capillary inlet, are used to introduce ions from different solutions indepe...

We introduce a new conceptual framework for information seeking called the information-seeking funnel, inspired by a common model of how people are attracted to products they end up buying. By using this model, we are able to better understand why current search tools are inadequate for several stages of the information-seeking process. At the same time, we explore what characteristics tools th...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of multimodal (visual and auditory) continuous feedback with information about the uncertainty of the input signal on motor imagery based BCI performance. A liquid floating through a visualization of a funnel (funnel feedback) provided enriched visual or enriched multimodal feedback. METHODS In a between subject design 30 healthy SMR-BCI naive part...

Tracking of reference signals yref(·) by the output y(·) of linear (as well as a considerably large class of nonlinear) single-input, single-output system is considered. The system is assumed to have strict relative degree two with (“weak”) stable zero dynamics. The control objective is tracking of the error e = y− yref and its derivative ė within two prespecified performance funnels, resp. Thi...

The fovea centralis is a closely-packed vertical array of inverted-cone photoreceptor cells located in the retina that is responsible for high acuity binocular vision. The cones are operational in well-lit environments and are responsible for trapping the impinging illumination. We present the vertical light-funnel silicon array as a light-trapping technique for photovoltaic applications that i...

In this article, an illustrative example is given for the coarse-graining of a Markov process which leads to a shift in the statistical weights of a two-states-system. The example is based on a 2D-funnel trap. The funnel trap is constructed in such a way, that the area inside and outside of the trap is identical. However, observing the flight of the insect as a Markov process, the probability f...