functional response in natural enemies is affected not only by host and natural enemy characteristics but also, the application of pesticide to pest population can affected the parameters of functional response as well as efficiency of natural enemy. in this research, the side effects of two pesticides, hexaflumuron and pymetrozin and also acaricide spirodiclofen and plant extracts, caiotropis ...

searching efficiency is a key parameter of functional response which is in turn the major components in the selection of predators and parasitoids for biological control. searching efficiency of scymnus syriacus mulsant feeding on aphis craccivora koch was determined at five different experimental arenas (i.e. 195, 247, 304, 385 and 650 cm2) on broad bean (vicia fabae l.). to do this, functiona...

the functional response is an important characteristic of predator–prey interactions that determinate which predator species or stage classes of predator is the most effective for pest control. host plant morphological characteristics are the effective factors on predator’s functional response. the objective of this study was to determine whether differences in trichome density of wheat cultiva...

this paper deals with a delayed ratio-dependent functional response predator-prey model with a threshold harvesting policy. we study the equilibria of the system before and after the threshold. we show that the threshold harvesting can improve the undesirable behavior such as nonexistence of interior equilibria. the global analysis of the model as well as boundedness and permanence properties a...

introduction: a fixed hemodynamic response function (hrf) is commonly used for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) analysis. however, hrf may vary from region to region and subject to subject. we investigated the effect of locally estimated hrf (in functionally homogenous parcels) on activation detection sensitivity in a heroin cue reactivity study. methods: we proposed a novel explora...

functional response of trichogramma brassicae bez. to different densities of eggs of two host species anagasta kuehniella zell. and plodia interpunctella hub. was studied under laboratory conditions (24±1°c, 65±10% rh and 16: 8 l:d photoperiodism). one day old eggs of either host were offered to individual females of t.brassicae in densities 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 respectively in 21, 15, 1...

the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) is one of the most important pests of pea throughout the world.host stage preference under choice and no-choice tests and age-specific functional response of praon volucre (haliday) parasitizing a. pisum were investigated. the experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1 °c, 60 ± 5% rh and a photoperiod of 14: 10 h (l: d). functi...

common pistachio psylla, agonoscena pistaciae burckardt and lauterer (hemiptera: aphalaridae) is one of the economical pest among the pistachio orchards. the adonis' ladybird, hippodamia variegata (goeze) (col: coccinellidae) is one of the most prominent coccinellid predator in pistachio orchards. it is omnivorous and feed on aphids and psylla. functional response studies using a suitable ...