One of the advantages of temporal-logic model-checking tools is their ability to accompany a negative answer to a correctness query with a counterexample to the satisfaction of the specification in the system. On the other hand, when the answer to the correctness query is positive, most model-checking tools provide no witness for the satisfaction of the specification. In the last few years ther...

Model-checking gained wide popularity for analyzing software and hardware systems. However, even when the desired property holds, the property or the model may still require fixing. For example, a property φ: “on all paths, a request is followed by an acknowledgment”, may hold because no requests have been generated. Vacuity detection has been proposed to address the above problem. This techniq...

Different definitions of vacuity in temporal logic model checking have been suggested along the years. Examining them closely, however, reveals an interesting phenomenon. On the one hand, some of the definitions require highcomplexity vacuity detection algorithms. On the other hand, studies in the literature report that not all vacuities detected in practical applications are considered a probl...

There has been a growing interest in detecting whether a logic specification holds in the system vacuously. For example, a specification ”every request is eventually followed by an acknowledgment” holds vacuously on those systems that never generate requests. In a recent paper, Armoni et al. have argued against previous definitions of vacuity, defined as sensitivity with respect to syntactic pe...

feeding habits of yellowfin seabream, acanthopagrus latus was investigated in coastal waters of the northern persian gulf. this investigation was conducted by monthly sampling of thirty fish from september 2011 through august 2012. fish size ranged from 17.98 ± 2.07 to 32.31 ± 6.52 cm in total length and from 134.01 ± 45.62 to 720.46 ± 292.58 g in weight. the highest value of gastro-somatic ind...

In formal verification, we verify that a system is correct with respect to a specification. Cases like antecedent failure can make a successful pass of the verification procedure meaningless. Vacuity detection can signal such “meaningless” passes of the specification, and indeed vacuity checks are now a standard component in many commercial model checkers. We address two dimensions of vacuity: ...

One of the advantages of temporal-logic model-checking tools is their ability to accompany a negative answer to the correctness query by a counterexample to the satisfaction of the specification in the system. On the other hand, when the answer to the correctness query is positive, most model-checking tools provide no additional information. In the last few years there has been growing awarenes...

  In this paper the Vacuity Index (VI), Fullness Index (FI) and Food Preference Index (FPI) for the stomach contents of Pomadasys kaakan were evaluated to assess the quantity and kind of food which this fish consumes in the Persian Gulf. A total of 227 specimens were collected from fishing trawlers or landings from November 2005 to September 2006. 24.7% of stomachs were full, 11.9% were semi-fu...

Vacuity checking is traditionally performed after model checking has terminated successfully. It ensures that all the elements of the specification have played a role in its satisfaction by the system. The need to check the quality of specifications is even more acute in property-based design, where the specification is the only input, serving as a basis to the development of the system. Inhere...