This study, conducted in 3 parishes of Louisiana, documented the distribution pattern of Anopheles quadrimaculatus and An. crucians during the first crop season. Ratios of numbers of 3rd and 4th instar larvae of An. quadrimaculatus to the number of An. crucians 3rd and 4th instar larvae (Q/C), varied both spatially and temporally. The mean Q/C ratio during 1984 was 1.37; during 1985 it was 1.40...

Reproduction of external fertilizing vertebrates is typically constrained to either fresh or salt water, not both. For all studied amphibians and fishes, this constraint includes immotile sperm that are activated after ejaculation only by the specific chemistry of the fertilizing medium in which the species evolved (fresh, brackish, or salt water). No amphibians can reproduce in the sea. Althou...

The collection of fog water is a simple and sustainable technology to obtain fresh water for afforestation, gardening, and as a drinking water source for human and animal consumption. In regions where fresh water is sparse and fog frequently occurs, it is feasible to set up a passive mesh system for fog water collection. The mesh is directly exposed to the atmosphere, and the foggy air is pushe...

One of the main problems experienced by the islanders of Lakshadweep is associated with the availability of fresh water for drinking purpose. The scarcity of fresh water is due to the peculiar hydrologic, geologic, geomorphic and demographic features. Proper understanding of the groundwater condition, in terms of availability, distribution and quality, is very important to meet the increasing d...

The behaviors of the water body of Dongbin Harbor located at Pohang City, Gyongpook Province, in Korea were numerically simulated in this study. A canal was planned to connect the harbor and the Hyeongsan River to improve water quality inside the harbor. The current system was first simulated by using a commercial program RMA2, with respect to both tidal currents and river flow. The progress in...

The Bohai Basin was transformed to an inner shelf sea hundreds of thousands years ago. This youngest land-sea transition participated in the significant modification of the distribution of fresh water, sediment fluxes and climate in East Asia, and played an important role in the origin of the Asian marginal seas. Here we present the results of a magnetostratigraphic investigation and propose a ...

playas are low-lands which is considered to be the locations of accumulation of superficial and ground waters fromhigher elevations and these waters have different types of salts and various salinity level. therefore, because of lack ofrainfall and fresh-water both for human and animal useage or even for plants, it is needed to apply proper methods toharvest fresh water from these saline-waters...

The presence of the anisakid nematode Hysterothylacium gadi aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) is reported for the first time in cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) as a new host in freshwater farms from Turkey. This marine parasitic nematode is thought to complete the life cycle in fresh water and rainbow trout could act as the definitive host for this parasite under fresh water c...

introduction: reverse osmosis (ro) is best known for its use in desalination (removing the salt from seawater to get fresh water), but since the early 1970s it has also been used to purify fresh water for medical, industrial, and domestic applications. the aim of this research was the performance study of reverse osmosis plants for water desalination in bandar-lengeh, iran. materials and method...