freeze-thaw is one of the most powerful weathering agents that may cause a rapid change in the initial engineering properties of stones, and limit their durability. freeze-thaw induces stress over the pores’ surface of stones. consequently, stone durability is closely related to its engineering and physical properties. the purpose of this study is estimating the engineering properties of deteri...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of visual freeze indicators on vaccines would assist health care providers in identifying vaccines that may have been exposed to potentially damaging temperatures. METHODS Twenty-seven sites in Connecticut involved in the Vaccine for Children Program participated. In addition to standard procedures, visual freeze indicators (FR...

The growth curves of strains belonging to genera Candida and Saccharomyces grown through surfaced and submerged cultivation and their survival after lyophilization have been studied. Conclusions of practical importance have been drawn. It was found out that three-day-old cultures cultivated in solid medium possessed maximal resistance to freeze-drying. Nevertheless the cultures obtained by subm...

Cold-hardy insects overwinter by one of two main strategies: freeze tolerance and freeze avoidance by supercooling. As a general model, many freeze-tolerant species overwinter in extreme climates, freeze above -10 degrees C via induction by ice-nucleating agents, and once frozen, can survive at temperatures of up to 40 degrees C or more below the initial freezing temperature or supercooling poi...

The technique of spray-freeze etching was applied to unicellular organisms. The superior freezing rates obtainable with this method gave excellent cryofixation on Chlorella, Euglena, and spermatozoa without the use of antifreeze agents, and cell damage due to ice crystal formation was never observed. In many instances the resultant morphology differed significantly from that obtained from glyce...

this study aimed to evaluate freeze-dried sera as an alternative to non-freeze dried for detection of anti-leishmania infantum antibodies over the course of 11 months using the direct agglutination test (dat).altogether, 60 serum samples (30 from humans and 30 from dogs) were collected from various geographical locations in iran. all the collected sera were pooled and each pooled serum sample c...

A set of freeze thresholds is defined which replaces the loosely defined element “killing frost.” Freeze series are tested and found to be random. This makes it possible to fit frequency distributions. It is hypothesized that these distributions are normal and a test of significance verifies this. A hypothesis that the variance parameter is constant over Iowa is tested and found to be true. It ...

Table of contents 1. Strategies of winter survival in animals 2. Freeze-induced gene expression 2.1. Freeze-induced gene expression in wood frogs 2.2. Freeze-induced gene expression in hatchling turtles and mitochondrial gene expression 3. Freeze tolerance, glucose metabolism and signal transduction 3.1. Unique glucose metabolism of freeze tolerant frogs 3.2. Structural modification of insulin ...