Frederick Jelinek died, peacefully and unexpectedly, on 14 September 2010. Over a distinguished career of nearly fifty years, Fred made important contributions in areas ranging from coding theory and speech recognition to parsing and machine translation. But more important than these specific contributions was his role in persuading the fields of speech and language engineering to adopt statist...

NOTE: "Gerianne Sands is the Associate General Counsel at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. The views expressed here are those of the author and not that of Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. Ms. Sands can be contacted by writing to the Office of the General Counsel, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, POB 19024, MS J6-205, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024 or by e-mail at gjsands@f...

Cytochrome c oxidase is the enzyme responsible for oxygen consumption by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and coupling site 3 of oxidative phosphorylation. In this role it determines the cellular rate of ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation and is the key to understanding how energy metabolism is regulated. Four electrons are required for the reduction of oxygen to water, and these...

With the advent of rapid genome sequencing, the view of the human genome as a vast desert dotted with far-flung oases of functional genes has contended with a growing appreciation of the role of regulatory sequences in shaping gene expression. The fraction of the human genome’s noncoding component that can be considered functional remains to be established, but strewn across the seeming wastela...