This paper presents a synopsis of some recent work, still in progress, aimed at elucidating a quantitative explanation of the processes by which flow chimneys form when certain types of alloys are directionally solidified. If (for example) light fluid is released at the liquid-solid "mushy" (dendrite) zone, and cooling is from below, then the intermediate fluid flow undergoes convection through...

Our purpose is to study the efficacy of the alexandrite laser (755 nm) and the fractional laser when treating pigmentary lesions .We use the data of our private office of the last five years (2011-2015) We treated 1000 patients with freckles with alexandrite laser, 200 patients with melasma with fractional laser, 100 patients with post inflammatory hyperpigmentation with alexandrite laser and 6...