more than half of all hydrocarbon reservoirs are naturally fractured reservoirs (nfrs), in which production forecasting is a complicated function of fluid flow in a fracture-matrix system. modelling of fluid flow in nfrs is challenging due to formation heterogeneity and anisotropy. stress sensitivity and depletion effect on already-complex reservoir permeability add to the sophistication. horiz...

decline curve analysis has some advantages over transient well test analysis in which it is not required to shut-in the well and also wellbore storage effects do not exist. few studies have been done on decline curve analysis of naturally fractured reservoirs but there are even some limitations with available models. on the other hand well test could be expensive and in some operational conditi...

A simplified model was employed to develop mathematically equations that describe the unsteadystate behavior of naturally fractured reservoirs, The analysis resulted in an equation of flow of radial symmetry whose solution, for the infinite case, is identical in form and function to that describing the unsteady-state behavior of homogeneous reservoirs. Accepting the assumed model, for all pract...

Due to geological reasons, fractured reservoirs are extremely heterogeneous. Modelling of these reservoirs has so far been considered complex and progress is still inadequate. This paper presents a novel and hybrid method to model discrete fracture networks in naturally fractured reservoirs. It involves investigation and systematic integration of tasks spanning cross-disciplinary areas: geologi...

A numerical method as well as a theoretical study of non-Darcy fluid flow through porous and fractured reservoirs is described. The non-Darcy behavior is handled in a three-dimensional, multiphase flow reservoir simulator, while the model formulation incorporates the Forchheimer equation for describing single-phase or multiphase non-Darcy flow and displacement. The non-Darcy flow through a frac...

Many world class large carbonate reservoirs leave behind at least half of the initial oil in place. Typically water injection is used to improve oil recovery while gas injection is used to maintain pressure or to promote oil gravity drainage. Immiscible gas injection, including injection of CO2, has been considered but not implemented on a large scale for economic reasons. Furthermore, interest...

Offset-dependent characteristics of seismic scattering are useful in the interpretation of fractured reservoirs. Synthetic seismograms generated by a 3-D finite difference modeling are used to study elastic wave propagation and scattering in heterogeneous fraetmed reservoirs. We use two models having different background medium properties and different azimuthal AVO responses and build heteroge...

Imaging and characterizing fractured shale reservoirs constitute significant challenges. We introduce a workflow and illustrate the application of instantaneous spectral analysis with the aid of a case study on fractured shale reservoirs. With the well log modeling, frequency dependent energy and phase are improved by removing the wavelet overprint. Extracted frequency dependent energy and phas...