introduction: ondine’s curse is a catastrophic but rare condition in adults. it is referred to as a congenital or acquired condition, in which the patient cannot breathe automatically while asleep. acquired causes of this disease can be any cause affecting the ventrolateral part of the medulla, which is considered to be the breathing center in humans.    case report:   a 51-year-old woman, with...

Posterior fossa ependymoma comprises two distinct molecular entities, ependymoma_posterior fossa A (EPN_PFA) and ependymoma_posterior fossa B (EPN_PFB), with differentiable gene expression profiles. As yet, the response of the two entities to treatment is unclear. To determine the relationship between the two molecular subgroups of posterior fossa ependymoma and treatment, we studied a cohort o...

Abstract Introduction: Arachnoid cysts are developmental cystic lesions which may be found as an incidental finding on neuroimaging or present with symptoms of headache, seizure and neurologic deficit. Presentation with seizure is more common with larger sizes and temporal location. Presentation with TLE is rare, and fenestration of cysts had variable results for seizure control. Here in, we r...

The maxillary swing approach (MSA) allows access to the retromaxillary area, pterygopalatine fossa, nasopharynx and infratemporal fossa through temporary disarticulation lateral of maxilla with attached facial skin. We report a case resection tumor occupying wide area sinus using modified MSA.

The intercondylar fossa (ICF) indices can be used to evaluate fossa geometry, which may in turn affect the function, pathology and intracapsular surgical repair of the cranial cruciate ligament. The measurements of digital images of the distal femur of 44 dogs were used to calculate the fossa width, shape, height and area indices. The mean values of fossa width index were found to be 0.19, 0.28...

The mandibular condyle region which protects the middle cranial fossa from facial and jaw traumas has an excellent osteomuscular structure. Condylar structures reduce or limit the force of trauma. Most importantly, the condylar neck is the weakest part of the mandible and is easily fractured without dislocation. Generally, this mechanism prevents condylar penetration into the middle cranial fos...

MR and clinical data on 31 patients with posterior fossa CSF collections were analyzed. A clear separation of these patients into classical categories was not possible because of new information obtained from the MR images. We present a new classification of these disorders. The Dandy-Walker malformation, Dandy-Walker variant, and mega-cisterna magna seem to represent a continuum of development...

The excavated type of rhomboid fossa of the clavicle is a relatively neglected anatomical structure that can potentially cause diagnostic problems. Its unilateral occurrence may be confused by the physician as avascular necrosis, osteomyelitis, or even a tumour. We studied 80 routine chest radiographs and identified the clavicles with excavated type of rhomboid fossa. The sex, sidedness, and ha...