OBJECTIVE In general, published studies analyse healthcare utilisation, rather than foregone care, among different population groups. The assessment of forgone care as an aspect of healthcare system performance is important because it indicates the gap between perceived need and actual utilisation of healthcare services. This study focused on a specific vulnerable group, middle-aged and elderly...

Foregone payoffs add information about the outcomes for alternatives that are not chosen. The present paper examines the effect of foregone payoffs on underweighting rare but possible events in repeated choice tasks. Previous studies have not demonstrated any long-lasting effects of foregone payoffs (following repeated presentation of a task) when foregone payoffs do not add much information. T...

We extend experience-weighted attraction (EWA) learning to games in which only the set of possible foregone payoffs from unchosen strategies are known, and estimate parameters separately for each player to study heterogeneity. We assume players estimate unknown foregone payoffs from a strategy, by substituting the last payoff actually received from that strategy, by clairvoyantly guessing the a...

Death loss in feedlot cattle can have significant impacts on profitability. Not only does death result foregone revenue, but the operation still incurs costs to date associated with those animals. This study uses pen-level data from a private feed-lot Southern Great Plains. Both company- owned and customer retained ownership are included set. A Tobit model is used analyze pen characteristics’ i...

In an attempt to improve our understanding of the effects of foregone payoffs on learning, the current paper examines the adaptation in decision tasks with a large number of choice alternatives. Our experimental setup varies the feedback about foregone payoffs. Study 1 shows that foregone payoffs can induce strong round–to–round sequential dependencies in the data. Study 2 demonstrates that inf...

Recent European guidelines have emphasized the association of vegetation size with embolic risk in endocarditis (1). On these grounds, left-sided vegetations >1 cm, and right-sided vegetations >2 cm are considered to be an indication for surgery. In this issue of iJACC, investigators from the MEDIC (Multicenter Electrophysiologic Device Cohort) registry report the importance of vegetation size ...

We extend EWA learning to games in which only the set of possible foregone payo®s from unchosen strategies are known. We assume players estimate unknown foregone payo®s from a strategy, by substituting the last payo® actually received from that strategy, or by clairvoyantly guessing the actual foregone payo®. Either assumption improves predictive accuracy of EWA. Learning parameters are also es...

and Ken White for their many comments, suggestions, and assistance with data. The insightful comments of two referees led to a significant improvement of this paper, including the addition of Appendix II. The content this paper is the responsibility of the author, and should not be attributed to Inland Revenue New Zealand, which financed this study. The author's related papers on the hidden eco...