abstract introduction: identifying factors which cause the high incidence of acl is of great importance .the anterior shear forces are the primary mechanism of load sustained on the acl. during exercise, the activity of muscles and position of lower limbs may increase or decrease the anterior shear force. the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the activity level of...

In the current study, the effects of Casimir force and squeeze film damping on pull-in instability and dynamic behavior of electrostatically actuated nano and micro electromechanical systems are investigated separately. Linear elastic membrane theory is used to model the static and dynamic behavior of the system for strip, annular and disk geometries. Squeeze film damping is modeled using nonli...

In this paper, a new design of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) for electromagnetic launcher system (EMLs) has been investigated in terms of the requisite amount of average launching thrust force and thrust force ripple minimization through finite element method. EMLs are a kind of technology used to develop thrust force and launch heavy loads with different applications includ...

the natural frequency and pull-in instability of clamped-clamped nano-actuators in the presence of a dielectric layer are analyzed. the influence of the presence of casimir force, electrostatic force, fringing field effect, axial force, stretching effects and the size effect are taken into account. the governing equation of the dynamic response of the actuator is transformed in a non-dimensiona...

Pre-stress techniques tend to increase cross-sectional capacity and optimize design. Such features have made these techniques rather popular. Over time, these structures tend to fail, and the reduction of pre-stress force over the lifetime of the structure is said to be one of the most significant destructive factors in these structures. This decrease in force occurs due to various reasons. In ...