Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a rapidly developing neuroimaging modality for exploring cortical brain behaviour. Despite recent advances, the quality of fNIRS experimentation may be compromised in several ways: firstly, by altering the optical properties of the tissues encountered in the path of light; secondly, through adulteration of the recovered biological signals (noise)...

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) techniques hold a great promise for neuroprosthetic applications. A desirable BCI system should be portable, minimally invasive, and feature high classification accuracy and efficiency. As two commonly used non-invasive brain imaging modalities, Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) BCI system have often been incorporated i...

Posterior epilepsies are mainly characterized clinically by visual symptoms. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging non-invasive imaging technique that has the potential to monitor hemodynamic changes during epileptic activity. Combined with electroencephalography (EEG), 9 patients with posterior epilepsies were recorded using EEG-fNIRS with large sampling (19 EEG electrod...

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is becoming a popular tool in developmental neuroscience for mapping functional localized brain responses. However, as it cannot provide information about underlying anatomy, researchers have begun to conduct spatial registration of fNIRS channels to cortical anatomy in adults. The current work investigated this issue with infants by coregistering f...

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging low-cost noninvasive neuroimaging technique that measures cortical bloodflow. While fNIRS has gained interest as a potential alternative to fMRI for use with clinical and pediatric populations, it remains unclear whether fNIRS has the necessary sensitivity to serve as a replacement for fMRI. The present study set out to examine whethe...

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a new brain imaging tool that shows potential for use in the field of human computer interaction (HCI) because of its lightweight, non-invasive qualities. fNIRS could become an additional input to interfaces, by recording the user’s mental state through the measure of blood flow in the brain. However, before we are able to use the tool at its ful...

Although neuroimaging has greatly expanded our knowledge about the brain-behavior relation, combining multiple neuroimaging modalities with complementing strengths can overcome some limitations encountered when using a single modality. Valuable candidates for a multimodal approach are functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG). fNIRS is an imaging technology ...

Global systemic effects not specific to a task can be prominent in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals and the separation of task-specific fNIRS signals and global nonspecific effects is challenging due to waveform correlations. We describe a principal component spatial filter algorithm for separation of the global and local effects. The effectiveness of the approach is demons...

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy is an emerging non-invasive brain sensing technique that can provide valuable cognitive state information to a user interface. In this paper, we describe fNIRS technology, consider important attributes of fNIRS data, and propose some suggestions for using fNIRS for meaningful interaction.

In this review, we aim to highlight the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as a useful neuroimaging technique for the investigation of cognitive development. We focus on brain activation changes during the development of mathematics and language skills in schoolchildren. We discuss how technical limitations of common neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic ...