The objective of this article is to provide a review of the fundamental aspects of body fluid balance and the physiological consequences of water imbalances, as well as discuss considerations for the optimal composition of a fluid replacement beverage across a broad range of applications. Early pioneering research involving fluid replacement in persons suffering from diarrheal disease and in mi...

in this article, dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was studied, using computational fluid dynamics. using mri images of two special cases, a 2-dimensional model of the ventricular system was made. csf velocity and pressure distribution in ventricular system have high importance since the flow pattern of this liquid has an important effect on intracranial pressure, i.e., icp, which has a...

AVO as a known methodology is used to identify fluid type and reservoir lithology in subsurface exploration. Method discussed in this paper, consists of three stages, including: Direct modeling, Inverse modeling and Cross plot interpretation. By direct modeling we can clarify lithology or fluid dependent attributes. Analysis performed using both P-P and P-Sv attributes. Inverse modeling deals w...

Introduction....................................................................................................................1 Fluid Losses ...................................................................................................................2 Voluntary/Involuntary Dehydration...............................................................................3 Hypohydration/Dehydrati...

The present work proposes a review about exercise fluid replacement and a discussion whether, during exercise, the fluid ingested according to thirst is sufficient to maintain hydration. Exercise sweat loss, mainly in the heat, can cause dehydration, can alter the hidroelectrolyte balance, disturb thermoregulation, presenting a health risk and/or impairing the athletic performance. It has been ...