Mechanisms whereby acid reflux may accelerate the progression from Barrett's esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) are not fully understood. Acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported to cause DNA damage in Barrett's cells. We have previously shown that NADPH oxidase NOX5-S is responsible for acid-induced H2O2 production in Barrett's cells and in EA cells. In this stud...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Zebrafish mutants generated by ethylnitrosourea-mutagenesis provide a powerful tool for dissecting the genetic regulation of developmental processes, including organogenesis. One zebrafish mutant, "flotte lotte" (flo), displays striking defects in intestinal, liver, pancreas, and eye formation at 78 hours postfertilization (hpf). In this study, we sought to identify the underl...

Mechanisms whereby acid reflux may accelerate the progression from Barrett's esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) are not fully understood. We have previously shown that NADPH oxidase NOX5-S generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) when Barrett's metaplastic cells are exposed to acid. Besides metaplastic cells, other H(2)O(2)-producing cells (e.g., inflammatory cells) present in BE m...

Across vascular plants, Class 1 KNOTTED1-like (KNOX1) genes appear to play a critical role in the development of compound leaves. An exception to this trend is found in the Fabaceae, where pea (Pisum sativum) uses UNIFOLIATA, an ortholog of the floral regulators FLORICAULA (FLO) and LEAFY (LFY), in place of KNOX1 genes to regulate compound leaf development. To assess the phylogenetic distributi...

We have shown that a novel NADPH oxidase isoform, NOX5-S, is the major isoform of NADPH oxidases in an esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) cell line, FLO, and is overexpressed in Barrett's mucosa with high-grade dysplasia. NOX5-S is responsible for acid-induced reactive oxygen species production. In this study, we found that mRNA levels of NOX5-S were significantly higher in FLO EA cells than in the...

Ramscar and colleagues (2010, this volume) describe the "feature-label-order" (FLO) effect on category learning and characterize it as a constraint on symbolic learning. I argue that FLO is neither a constraint on symbolic learning in the sense of "learning elements of a symbol system" (instead, it is an effect on nonsymbolic, association learning) nor is it, more than any other constraint on c...

The FLO genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encode a family of proteins important in determining diverse aspects of cell-surface function. In this issue of Cell, Halme et al. show that both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms control expression of the FLO genes, thereby generating significant cell-surface diversity within a population of yeast cells.

The flo language integrates management of inter-object dependencies into the object oriented paradigms. In this paper, we focus on the use of reactive dependencies (links) in object-oriented knowledge representation. In particular, we present di erent meta-links (links between links) and show how the flo links allow one to design some composition relationships.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT) signaling in cancer is implicated in various survival pathways including regulation of recombinase (RAD51). In this study, we evaluated PI3K and RAD51 as targets in Barrett's adenocarcinoma (BAC) cells both in vitro and in vivo. BAC cell lines (OE19, OE33, and FLO-1) were cultured in the presence of PI3K in...