in order to study the effect of flaming on seed viability of sinapis arvensis l., changes in microorganisms population and physicochemical characteristics of soil after canola (brassica napus l.) harvesting, an experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with four replications and eight treatments at karaj research center, iran, during 2005- 2006. after harvesting canol...

A standard reference material (SRM 1048) has been developed for use with the cup furnace smoke toxicity method. This SRM is to be used to calibrate the apparatus and to enable the user to have confidence that the method is being conducted in a correct manner and that the equipment is functioning properly. The toxicological results from this SRM should not be used to compare with those of other ...

Researchers examining ‘flaming’ – defined as hostile and aggressive interactions via text-based computer mediatedcommunication – have proposed theoretical frameworks to explain possible causes. However, precise conceptual and operational definitions of ‘flaming’ have yet to be established, which has implications for understanding this phenomenon. Consequently, we propose an interactional– norma...

BACKGROUND The increasing size and frequency of wildland fires are leading to greater potential for cardiopulmonary disease and cancer in exposed populations; however, little is known about how the types of fuel and combustion phases affect these adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the mutagenicity and lung toxicity of particulate matter (PM) from flaming vs. smoldering phases of five b...

The transition from forward smoldering to flaming in polyurethane foam is observed using indepth thermocouples and ultrasound probing. The experiments are conducted with small parallelepiped samples vertically placed in an upward wind tunnel. Three of the vertical sample sides are maintained at elevated temperature and the fourth is exposed to an upward oxidizer flow and a radiant heat flux. An...

Representative specimens of two materials, a flexible polyurethane foam and a polyester, wer,e thermally decomposed separately and together in order to compare the toxicological effects of the combustion products from the combined materials with those from the single homogeneous materials. Gas concentrations (CO, CO 2 , O2 and HCN) , blood carboxyhemoglobin, and LCs o values [the concentration ...

Ignition is the initial stage of burning the materials. The consequent flame spread over the materials, heat release rate, fire spread across the rooms, and other issues for building fires all depend on that. Numerous studies on the ignition of cellulose materials, especially wood, were reported in the literature. There are smoldering or glowing ignition (self-heating ignition) and flaming igni...

Adviser: George Gogos Flaming is a thermal weed control method that can kill weeds within or between crop rows using heat. Mechanical cultivation is another weed control method which undercuts weeds between crop rows to kill them. A combination flamer/cultivator implement was designed to take advantage of the good qualities of both flaming and cultivation to provide excellent organic weed contr...