Let G = (V,E) be an n-vertices m-edges directed graph. Let s ∈ V be any designated source vertex, and let T be an arbitrary reachability tree rooted at s. We address the problem of finding a set of edges E ⊆ E\T of minimum size such that on a failure of any vertex w ∈ V , the set of vertices reachable from s in T ∪ E\{w} is the same as the set of vertices reachable from s in G\{w}. We obtain th...

We consider providing presence service for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks through a multihop approach. The presence service is to ensure automatic network monitoring by which each node would know whether the sink node is reachable or not. Towards providing such presence service, we tackle three problems: 1) efficient neighbor discovery due to notalways-awake nature of duty-cycling and the...

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be difficult to treat due to patient noncompliance and treatment efficacy. This anxiety disorder presents in behaviors such as checking, washing, repeating/counting, ordering/symmetry, harming obsessions, religious/sexual obsessions, obsessional slowness, pure obsessions and hoarding. Of these behaviors, hoarding is the most difficult to treat. Hoarding i...

BACKGROUND The use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia is currently the treatment of choice for management of this neurological voice disorder. Over the past 20 years, botulinum toxin has been used to treat both adductor and abductor forms of the disorder, with vocal improvement noted after treatment for both. A large number of studies have attempted to document the effi...

In a number of applications, the problem of determining the optimum path occurs. This applications range from finding the fastest path in a network, to determining the safest path for mobile vehicle, wandering on the surface of Mars. In this context, we shall limit our scope to the case of finding paths in Euclidean two-dimensional space. Moreover we shall limit the case study to movements alon...

s (AB) UM DP RA Other—FirstSearch (OT/F) UO HB First time used was to settle a bet—has used ever since * He is very driven by habit. Once he gets into habits, he does not seem to question his methods at all. whether or not to utilize a new technology. Table 5 makes it clear how often interviewees noted that fit was a significant determinant of use. The interviews indicate, moreover, that partic...

ing service in physics and the manufacturer of the INSPEC database, indexed 174,000 items in one year alone (1996), of which about 146,500 are journal articles. However, these already impressive numbers exclude less important journals, workshop proceedings, conference papers and non-English material. Indeed, the growth rate is probably exponential—Maron and Kuhns (1960) estimated that the index...

Information seeking skills are becoming increasingly important as rapid and widespread developments in technology have made information available in more formats and from more sources than ever before. Research in human computer interaction (HCI) has demonstrated that primary cognitive abilities represent a powerful predictor of information-seeking success in electronic information systems. Spe...

WHILECOMPUTERIZATION HAS AFFECTED many library operations, it has had relatively little impact on most humanities work other than to make library collections more accessible within libraries (e.g., the OPAC) and among libraries (interlibrary loan systems). However, recent advances in technology are much more likely to have an immediate impact on arts and humanities work and its relationship wit...