In the 60s and 70s few people were interacting with computers and if they did, those interactions were predominantly work-related. It seems quite natural then, that early Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), which emerged at that time, strove to enable people to perform work-related tasks in an efficient and error free way. During the 1980s, usability engineering emerged from this understanding of...

The goal of optimizing material resources and the polyvalent use space lead to development new technologies within a renewed architectural spatiality, which from point view effectiveness choices allow for low-carbon buildings. climate emergency, in fact, asks us today reinterpret Vitruvius’ concept Firmitas according criteria durability reliability resilience associated with widespread usabilit...

In architecture, Venustas (aesthetics) is always considered an important attribute along with Firmitas (firmness) and Utilitas (usefulness). Pursuing aesthetics/ beauty one of the architect’s primary roles. However, it critical to comprehend ‘What aesthetics?’ its implications for built-unbuilt environment human beings. a world where everything changing, are definitions, concepts, parameters ae...

In the context of a multi-racial country consisting Malays, Chinese, and Indians as main majority, search for value national architectural identity is important in highlighting racial harmony. Therefore, establishing framework necessary to ensure this can be realized. This paper focuses on construction an frameworkof based results previous scholarly studies. study uses hermeneutic methodology w...

This paper seeks to investigate a new definition for architecture by unifying the three Vitruvian principles of firmitas, utilities, and venustas via a phenomenological approach in the interpretation and analysis of their role in defining architecture. The paper is composed in two main sections. The first section investigates the nature of architecture based on the mentioned principles, where a...

this paper seeks to investigate a new definition for architecture by unifying the three vitruvian principles of firmitas, utilities, and venustas via a phenomenological approach in the interpretation and analysis of their role in defining architecture. the paper is composed in two main sections. the first section investigates the nature of architecture based on the mentioned principles, where a...

technical secondary schools are becoming a common type of schools in iran and “architectural drafting” is a popular field provided in it to prepare drafting technicians for design offices. another main purpose can be conceived for these courses and it is to fill the gap between profession of architecture and the society. special teaching method proposed for these courses is valid to pay attenti...