We discuss the use of data from a virtual world game for automated learning of words and grammatical constructions and their meanings. The language data is an integral part of the social interaction in the game and consists of chat dialogue, which is only constrained by the cultural context, as set by the nature of the provided virtual environment. This paper presents a preliminary exploration ...

This comparative study aimed at finding out the types of grammatical shifts which have occurred in two English translations of the Quranic rhetorical questions, and the impact of such shifts on the said rhetorical questions. For these purposes, the study firstly analyzed the Arabic and English texts syntactically using the x-bar theory for Haegeman (2006) and then classified the grammatical shi...

Abstract Traditionally, lexical typology has to a large extent been interested in categorization of various cognitive domains (e. g., colour , perception body) i. e., how these are cut up by the most important words language, and motivation or formal relatedness, whether for certain concepts completely unrelated related others via polysemy derivation intransitive vs. transitive verbs, ‘day’ ‘su...

We present a method of finding and analyzing shifts in grammatical relations found in diachronic corpora. Inspired by the econometric technique of measuring return and volatility instead of relative frequencies, we propose them as a way to better characterize changes in grammatical patterns like nominalization, modification and comparison. To exemplify the use of these techniques, we examine a ...

when studying russian morphology, one can distinguish two categories. these categories are “grammatical” and “lexico-grammatical”. grammatical categories can be specified through a series of grammatical features of words. considering different criteria, russian grammarians and linguists divide grammatical categories of their language into different types. in determining lexico-grammatical types...

after finishing the collection of language elements which they wanted to restrict to the arabian peninsula, after organizing and categorizing them under deliberate subjects which include all the language aspects and finally after fulfilling all those scholastic stages, the syntax scholars found another scholastic stage which they felt obliged to deal with and this stage is ‘cause finding’. they...

proceeded difference in opinion of grammarians led to the capacity of thought in grammar of arabic language, and cause to the conflict in thought of the grammarians. this research aims to study the difference between grammarians in modern grammatical matters, which is similar to that difference that took place between grammarians in basra and kufa in matters of arabic grammar. the present resea...