the effects of five different foods including: blood worm, artemia cyst, artemia mass powder, gammarus mass powder and ordinary commercial food were studied on siamese fighting fish (bettasplendens) propagation efficiency during thirty days in a randomize totally design with 4 repeats .experimental plots had been consisted of twenty 30*30*40 (cm) aquarium which a pair of male and female brood s...

Verapamil is a L-type voltage gated calcium channels inhibitor (VGCCI), which is a highly prescribed drug used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia and cluster headaches. Its common use caused its appearance in water environment. VGCC inhibit epinephrine release and cause many neuro-hormonal changes influencing also fish behavior. Siamese fighting fish was chose...

Group living animals may eavesdrop on signalling interactions between conspecifics in order to collect adaptively relevant information obtained from others, without incurring in the costs of first-hand information acquisition. This ability (aka social eavesdropping) is expected to impact Darwinian fitness, and hence predicts the evolution of cognitive processes that enable social animals to use...

This study investigated the effects of nesting status and the presence of an audience on 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) levels in male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Prior studies have demonstrated that both nesting status, an indicator of territory-holding power and reproductive state, and the sex of a conspecific audience lead to differences in male behavior during aggressive encounters....

Index words: Genetic connectivity Huron–Erie Corridor Microsatellites Mitochondrial DNA control region Sander vitreus Walleye The Huron–Erie Corridor (HEC) connects the upper and lower Great Lakes, providing key fish passage. A century of channelization, dredging, and pollution has led to habitat loss and declining fish numbers. Since 2004, the multi-agency HEC initiative augmented fish spawnin...