It is generally believed that a full-fledged theory of quantum gravity should exhibit background independence and diffeomorphism invariance. In its most general form, the latter comprises field redefinitions, which are diffeomorphisms in configuration space. We show any path-integral approach to leads tension between these properties, such they cannot hold simultaneously.

We introduce a background gauge akin to the Landau-DeWitt but deformed by presence of parameter for quantization Euclidean Yang-Mills theories. In limit where field vanishes, standard linear covariant gauges are recovered. This allows an explicit investigation effects infinitesimal Gribov copies and their impact dependence physical correlators. Similarly gauges, introduction gauge-invariant dre...

An independent broadcast on a connected graph $G$is a function $f:V(G)to mathbb{N}_0$such that, for every vertex $x$ of $G$, the value $f(x)$ is at most the eccentricity of $x$ in $G$,and $f(x)>0$ implies that $f(y)=0$ for every vertex $y$ of $G$ within distance at most $f(x)$ from $x$.The broadcast independence number $alpha_b(G)$ of $G$is the largest weight $sumlimits_{xin V(G)}f(x)$of an ind...

The costs of credit and accountability are good incentives for the Central Bank to increase independence. Independence of power and attention to economic policymaking in monetary decision-making can have a positive effect on the level of economic organization independence. The independent organization of the Central Bank has provided a plan for controlling inflation due to the importance of ind...