introduction radiotherapy planning systems require many percentage depth dose (pdd) and profile measurements and there are various dosimeters that can be used to obtain these scans. as dose perturbation is particularly troublesome in smaller photon fields, using a low-perturbation, unshielded electron field diode (efd) in these fields is of interest. the aim of this work was to investigate the ...

A microchip containing gated field-emitter display (FED) cells is designed and fabricated using vapor-deposited ptype polycrystalline diamond films and employing an integrated circuit (IC)-compatible diamond film technology on oxidized 4in Si wafers. Current–voltage (I V ) data, measured in a diode configuration at 10 6 torr, show Fowler–Nordheim (F–N) field emission behavior. A 1 4 pixel diamo...

Introduction Radiotherapy planning systems require many percentage depth dose (PDD) and profile measurements and there are various dosimeters that can be used to obtain these scans. As dose perturbation is particularly troublesome in smaller photon fields, using a low-perturbation, unshielded electron field diode (EFD) in these fields is of interest. The aim of this work was to investigate the ...

We report the experimental observation of the spin-Hall effect in a two-dimensional (2D) hole system with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The 2D hole layer is a part of a p-n junction light-emitting diode with a specially designed vertical and planar geometry which allows an angle-resolved polarization detection at opposite edges of the 2D hole system. In equilibrium the angular momenta of the Rash...

introduction evaluation of the delivered dose of externally wedged photon beams by external diode dosimeters during the treatment process requires the estimation of exit surface dose correction factors in various wedge angles and field sizes. materials and methods a system of absorbed dose evaluation, using p-type diode dosimeters placed on the exit surface of a phantom, was characterized for e...

the standards of endodontics have constantly been raised in the last 25 years by practitioners’ researches and their interest. most of the scientists believe the recent developments and the use of lasers as the most exciting achievement in endodontic treatment. nowadays, lasers are being used in endodontics to improve the prognosis of the root-filled teeth. the implement of suitable wavelengths...

This work is devoted to the question of the effect of space charge on the field electron emission. The electrostatic potential distributions for the diode emission systems are calculated. The diode systems, which can be readily constructed, are generally used for the characterization of field emission properties of novel materials. They have some effective applications in vacuum nanoand microel...