For several decades the effective and efficient dissemination of new agricultural knowledge among farmers in developing countries has been problematic. Two major programs were implemented in Indonesia, namely The Training and Visit (T&V) Extension Program or The Massive Guidance (BIMAS) Program, from the mid 1960s until the end of the1980s, and the Farmer Field School (FFS) Program, during the ...

Special form of finite fields (FFs), called vector FFs (VFFs), is defined in the vector spaces over the ground finite field GF (p) using particular types of the multiplication operation over vectors. Implementation of the cryptographic algorisms based on elliptic curves (ECs) over VFFs provides significantly higher performance than the implementation of the EC-based algorithms, in which the ECs...

In this paper, we discuss solving the DLP over GF (36·97) by using the function field sieve (FFS) for breaking paring-based cryptosystems using the ηT pairing over GF (3 ). The extension degree 97 has been intensively used in benchmarking tests for the implementation of the ηT pairing, and the order (923-bit) of GF (3 6·97) is substantially larger than the previous world record (676-bit) of sol...

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of Farmer Field Schools on farmer's adoption of IPM options for onion in the Gezira State. Field surveys were used to collect data from three Farmer Field Schools in the Gezira State in the 2010/2011 growing season. All FFS participants were used, i.e. 30 FFS-participants from each school. Equal number of non-FFS participants (90) was used...

introduction extended use of agricultural chemicals by farmers in transfer of technology model has threatened the safety of agricultural production. moreover, non- participatory nature of extension classes failed to motivate farmers to use less chemical inputs in the production process. in the early 1990s, participatory approaches proved to be effective in integrated pest management (ipm). the ...

this research was aimed at, investigating the factors that affect the transfer of learning (learning transfer system inventory) as related to ffs programs in fars province , and the way their being ranked in different cities. the study was an intentionally practical one. a survey method was employed to carry out the descriptive – correlational research. population of the research consisted of f...

There are many useful cryptographic schemes, such as ID-based encryption, short signature, keyword searchable encryption, attribute-based encryption, functional encryption, that use a bilinear pairing. It is important to estimate the security of such pairing-based cryptosystems in cryptography. The most essential number-theoretic problem in pairing-based cryptosystems is the discrete logarithm ...

the present study was conducted in the central region of khyber pakhtunkhwa (kpk), pakistan comprising seven districts: peshawar, charsadda, nowshera, mardan, swabi, kohat and hangu, during 2010. the objective was to analyze the perceived effect of farmer field school (ffs) approach on farmers’ capacity in controlling pre- and post- harvest losses. descriptive statistics were used to analyze th...

Virtually all clinical trials collect multiple endpoints that are usually correlated. Many methods have been proposed to control the family-wise type I error rate (FWER), but these methods often disregard the correlation among the endpoints, such as the commonly used Bonferroni correction, Holm procedure, Wiens' Bonferroni fixed-sequence (BFS) procedure and its extension, and the alpha-exhausti...

A study was carried out to determine the problems in IPM practices for rice cultivation faced by the farmers trained in IPM through Farmers’ Field School (FFS) and also to find out the important probable suggestions for overcoming those problems. Data were collected from 158 respondent farmers sampled randomly from 1050 FFS farmers of Godagari Upazila in Rajshahi district. Twenty important prob...