The article is devoted to the suspensions’ distribution mathematical modeling in Eastern Pacific Ocean for various scenarios ferromanganese nodules extraction. suspensions propagation model with complex granulometric composition that can interact an aqueous medium takes into account microturbulent diffusion caused by turbulent movement and convection advective of water mass ocean; gravitational...

Different wastes are generated in ferromanganese and silicomanganese alloy production. One of them is the ultrafine oxidized dust (UOD) produced in the collection and control of flying dusts in the ferroalloy industry. This waste has fairly high manganese content (20%–40% Mn), making it suitable to be a secondary raw material for the ferromanganese industry. This research proposes a method for ...

To improve the dephosphorization capacity of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MnO based ferromanganese slag, this work attempts to introduce Ce2O3 as a strong phosphorus fixative into and influence mechanism on process is investigated by thermodynamic analysis, structural melting temperature, viscosity tests. The results show that after adding 20 mass% can release O2− promote P-O0 bond P-O− transformation, thus ...

Statistical analyses of geochemical data from ferromanganese nodule samples representing a broad area of the southeast Pacific Ocean indicate nodule compositions are controlled by four factors: (1) suboxic diagenesis; (2) oxic diagenesis; (3) hydrogenous precipitation; and (4) hydrothermal precipitation. The first three are identical to those identified in studies of nodules from the North Paci...

A dilution method using MnO(2) for the manganese nodule standard, JMn1, has been newly adopted to obtain accurate calibration lines. Moreover, an internal standard correction method was applied to correct changes in the sample introduction efficiency for the prime purpose of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis. Using the dilution method and the cor...

12 Hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts are iron-manganese oxide chemical 13 precipitates on the seafloor that grow over periods of tens of millions of years. Their 14 secular records of chemical, mineralogical, and textural variations are archives of deep15 sea environmental changes. However, environmental reconstruction requires reliable 16 high-resolution age dating. Earlier chronological meth...

Hyphal budding bacteria were observed by electron microscopy in thin sections of surface material from Baltic Sea ferromanganese concretions. Similar bacteria were also observed in and isolated from enrichment cultures prepared from the same concretion material. Three morphologically similar strains of Mn-Fe-depositing budding bacteria were isolated from the enrichment cultures. Strain B-4 poss...