Ferns are the only major lineage of vascular plants that have nutritionally independent sporophyte (diploid) and gametophyte (haploid) life stages. However, the implications of this unique life cycle for fern community ecology have rarely been considered. To compare patterns of community structure between fern sporophytes and gametophytes, we conducted a survey of the ferns of the islands of Mo...

Root extracts from the arsenic (As) hyperaccumulating Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata) were shown to be able to reduce arsenate to arsenite. An arsenate reductase (AR) in the fern showed a reaction mechanism similar to the previously reported Acr2p, an AR from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), using glutathione as the electron donor. Substrate specificity as well as sensitivity toward inhibi...

Bovine enzootic haematuria was diagnosed in Queensland in coastal areas in association with bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum) on 3 properties or with mulga fern or rock fern (Cheilanthes sieberi) on 4 properties, and in inland areas in association with C. sieberi on 3 properties. In the absence of bracken fern, long-term ingestion of C. sieberi is suggested as a cause of bovine enzootic haema...

The spread and dominance of the invasive native hay-scented fern in the understory is one of the most significant changes that has affected the forest ecosystems in the northeastern United States in the last century. We studied changes in the distribution and dynamics of hay-scented fern at a large scale over a 10-yr period in Pennsylvania. The study included 56 stands covering 1,009 ha in two ...

Nine isolates of Aphelenchoides besseyi from two different hosts were studied. The isolates were identified at the species level according to morphometrics and fine structures observed under a scanning electron microscope. Two fern-originated isolates, Fu, and Fm, one rice-originated isolate, Rl, were not able to reproduce from a single juvenile, based on at least 50 replicates. The other six i...

Bracken fern (Pteris aquilina) mixed with a grain mixture (1:3 by weight) was fed to a group of 40 female 6-week-old Swiss mice intermittently every other week for a total experimental period of 60 weeks. Thirty-three mice survived 30 or more weeks and all developed lymphatic leukemia with multiple organ involvement. Additionally, 5 mice developed multiple pulmonary tumors. No urinary bladder o...

Fern is an updatable cryptographically authenticated dictionary developed to propagate identification and authorization information within and among distributed systems. Conventional authenticated dictionaries permit authorization information to be disseminated by untrusted proxies, however these proxies must maintain full duplicates of the dictionary structure. In contrast, Fern incrementally ...

dryopteris expansa (c.pres l.) fraser- jenkins & jermy is reported at the first time for fern flora of iranfrom pice-son forests, asalem to khalkhal road in the hyrcanian phytogeographia region. it's most distinctivemorphological character is the presence of rachis, white petiole, three pinnate lamina, rectangular pinnules,scales with darker band in the middle part. dryopteris expansa is s...

Redwood forests contain some of the largest and most structurally complex trees on Earth. The most abundant vascular epiphyte in these forests is the fern Polypodium scouleri (Polypodiaceae). We measured dimensions of all 765 P. scouleri mats on 32 trees (27 Sequoia sempervirens, 5 Picea sitchensis). Eighteen P. scouleri mats from 11 trees were randomly selected for removal and dissection in th...

Wild plants in forests provide valuable living resources for rural communities. The location where local people harvest various species is important to the wise use of forest ecosystem services. Using global positioning system (GPS) tracking of harvesters’ activities as well as geographic information system (GIS) and a generalized linear model (GLM), this study analyzed the spatial differences ...