The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) is the principal vector of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) associated with huanglongbing (HLB), the most serious citrus disease worldwide. New control measures including pesticides are urgently needed to combat HLB, especially to protect young or newly planted citrus trees from CLas-inoculation by vector psyllids. Here, we tested C...

The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus is an important pest of crops and vegetables worldwide, and it has the ability to develop resistance against acaricides rapidly. Our previous study identified an esterase gene (designated TCE2) over-expressed in resistant mites. To investigate this gene's function in resistance, the expression levels of TCE2 in susceptible, abamectin-, fenpropat...

A sensitive determination method was developed for the analysis of pyrethroid pesticide residues in tomato samples using ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. A hydrophobic ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) and acetonitrile were used as the extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, respectively. The following experimental parameters affecting...

We have proposed that since the type II pyrethroids deltamethrin and cypermethrin, but not the type I pyrethroid cismethrin act on chloride channels, this could contribute to the bimodal nature of pyrethroid poisoning syndromes. We now examine a wider range of pyrethroid structures on the activity of these calcium-independent voltage-gated maxi-chloride channels. Excised inside-out membrane pat...

The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is a global citrus pest, and has developed severe resistance to several types of acaricides. However, the molecular mechanisms of resistance in this mite remain unknown. In this study, seven full-length cDNAs encoding glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes were identified and characterized in P. citri. The effects of pyridaben and fenpropathrin...

A multi-residue method for the determination of 54 pesticide residues in pollens has been developed and validated. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of 48 crude pollen samples collected from eight provinces of China. The recovery of analytes ranged from 60% to 136% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 30%. Of the 54 targeted compounds, 19 pesticides were detected. The ma...

Background: Greengram the most important pulse crops in India suffers a lot due to infestation of many lepidopteran caterpillars mainly at its reproductive stage. Spilosoma obliqua Walk. Arctiidae, Lepidoptera commonly called Bihar hairy caterpillar (BHC) is categorized as devastating. Methods: Field efficacy nine new generation popular insecticides were tested coastal saline zone West Bengal a...

A series of compounds representing four major pesticide groups were tested for toxicity to beneficial insects representing four different insect orders: Coleoptera (Coccinellidae), Hemiptera (Anthocoridae), Hymenoptera (Aphelinidae), and Neuroptera (Chrysopidae). These materials included organophosphates (methidathion, esfenvalerate and phosmet), carbamates (carbofuran, methomyl and carbaryl), ...