We estimated concentrations of fecal reproductive steroid metabolites in freeranging California Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) during the breeding season. We collected fresh fecal samples (n 5 142) from 65 individual owls in the Sierra Nevada during April–August of 2001. We developed and validated radioimmunoassay procedures to quantify fecal estrogen metabolites and fecal testo...

conclusions with regard to improving the understanding of the differences in the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota between rd infants and h infants, the findings of this study can provide a possible basis to reveal the relationship between rd and intestinal microbiota. objectives this study aimed to reveal the changes in the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota of infants with rd. patients a...

background: the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sanitization of lettuce according to the protocols set forth by iranian ministry of health and medical education for reducing populations of total coliform, fecal coliform, and helminth eggs present on lettuce. methods: in the present study, we determined the load of total coliform, fecal coliform, and parasites of lettuce....

hemorrhoidectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with third or fourth-degree hemorrhoids. although the majority of surgeons believe that surgical hemorrhoidectomy is the most effective approach with excellent results in the management of hemorrhoid disease, but hemorrhoidectomy is not a simple procedure. one of the complications of this surgery is an injury to anal sphincters that can l...

TO THE EDITOR: I would like to thank Dr. Lee for his thoughtful comments on the impact of constipation on fecal incontinence. The coexistence of fecal incontinence and constipation has been well characterized in children and the geriatric population. Fecal incontinence in children is secondary to ‘overflow’ which results from the presence of constipation. Also fecal incontinence occurs in a var...

to clarify fermentative alterations in the large intestine (hindgut) during grazing, fecal alcohol and volatile fatty acids (vfas) concentrations were evaluated in 30 dairy heifers. the heifers were kept in pasture growing mixed grass herbage from spring (mid may) until october, and their rectal feces were collected periodically. concentrations of ethanol, methanol and isopropanol were increase...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The diagnostic yield of fecal leukocyte and stool cultures is unsatisfactory in patients with acute diarrhea. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical significance of the fecal lactoferrin test and fecal multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in patients with acute diarrhea. METHODS Clinical parameters and laboratory findings, including fecal leukocytes, fecal lact...

BACKGROUND This study investigated the interaction between heterotrophic bacteria and coliform, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci bacteria in water supply networks. METHODS This study was conducted during 2013 on water supply distribution network in Aq Qala City, Golestan Province, Northern Iran and standard methods were applied for microbiological analysis. The surface method was applied t...