BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether drug-induced changes in fibrillation wave characteristics can predict pharmacological conversion of long lasting persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS The study group comprised 23 consecutive patients with AF lasting > or =1 month. Patients first received bepridil (200 mg/day) for 2-4 weeks. When sinus rhythm was n...

We continue the study, started in [5], on the formal relationships between a domain specific contract language (BCL) and the logic of violation (FCL) proposed in [6, 7]. We discuss the use of logical methods for the representation and analysis of business contracts. The proposed analysis is based on the notions of normal and canonical forms of contracts expressed in FCL. Finally we present a ma...

ISO 26262 demands a confirmation review of the safety plan, which includes the compliance checking of planned processes against safety requirements. Formal Contract Logic (FCL), a logic-based language stemming from business compliance, provides means to formalize normative requirements enabling automatic compliance checking. However, formalizing safety requirements in FCL requires skills, which...

5-Formyltetrahydrofolate cycloligase (5-FCL) catalyzes the conversion of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-CHO-H(4)PteGlu(n)) to 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate and is considered to be the main means whereby 5-CHO-H(4)PteGlu(n) is metabolized in mammals, yeast, and bacteria. 5-CHO-H(4)PteGlu(n) is known to occur in plants and to be highly abundant in leaf mitochondria. Genomics-based approaches identif...

The specific pathway of tropoelastin secretion was investigated in fetal calf ligamentum nuchae (FCL) cells using brefeldin A (BFA) to disrupt the secretory pathway. Electron microscopic studies of BFA-treated FCL cells showed ultrastructural changes consistent with the reported effects of BFA on intracellular organelles. When FCL cells were labeled with [3H]leucine in the presence of BFA, radi...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Local wide split double potentials are used as a parameter to determine complete conduction block during cavotricuspid isthmus ablation in patients with isthmus dependent atrial flutter. However, delayed slow conduction in that region can sometimes be very difficult to differentiate from complete block. Flutter cycle length (FCL) can be used to confirm isthmus conducti...

INTRODUCTION: The stiffness of a fixation construct affects the mechanism and progression by which a fracture heals. Locked plating constructs have improved fixation strength in weak bone, but their relatively high stiffness may suppress interfragmentary motion (IFM) to a level insufficient for optimal promotion of secondary bone healing.[1] This is especially of concern when locked plates are ...

In this study, chemical modification of 2'-deoxyinosine (2'-dI) and D-/L-isothymidine (D-/L-isoT) was performed on AS1411. They could promote the nucleotide-protein interaction by changing the local conformation. Twenty modified sequences were obtained, FCL-I and FCL-II showed the most noticeable activity improvement. They stabilized the G-quadruplex, remained highly resistant to serum degradat...

The growing rate of energy consumption is a reason for establishment of new power plants which leads to increment in fault current level. One of the solutions to overcome this problem is utilization of fault current limiters (FCLs). Another concerning issue in energy generation is the satisfactory voltage quality in grid and to deal with it, a power electronic based device, known as dynamics vo...

In this paper, a new dual function fault current limiter-dynamic voltage restorer (FCL-DVR) topology is proposed. The proposed structure, in addition to performing routine FCL tasks, can be used improve the quality of point common coupling (PCC). A salient feature FCL-DVR its reduced number semiconductor switches and gate drive control circuit components. Perhaps, variety structure have been bu...