Efforts to improve land-use practices to prevent contamination of surface waters with soil are limited by an inability to identify the primary sources of soil present in these waters. We evaluated the utility of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of dry reference soils for multivariate statistical classification of soils collected from surface waters adjacent to agricultural production fie...

Aquatic bacteria grown on MacConkey agar and modified nutrient agar were identified by using API 20E and NFT strips and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis. Identifications agreed at the species level 35.7% of the time when API 20E strips and FAME analysis were used and in 4.3% of the cases when API NFT strips and FAME analysis were used. These techniques require further development before ...

Recently biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester, FAME – in Germany mainly rapeseed oil methyl ester as a neat fuel, which means B100) became an important alternative fuel on the German and the European markets. Approximately 1,200,000 tons were sold in Germany in the year 2004 (VDB, 2004). This is more than 50 % of all biodiesel that is sold in the European Union (Observ’ER, 2004). Today biodiesel ...

To conduct product development research on Lesquerella seed oils, we explored methods to obtain >100 g quantities of lesquerolic (14-hydroxy-cis-lleicosenoic) acid. Preliminary experiments with opencolumn silica gel chromatography showed that L. fendleri oil could be separated into 3 triglyceride (TG) fractions. The first (10%) contained nonhydroxy 16(13%) and 18-carbon acids (65% 18:1,2,3). Th...

The ultrasound-assisted (UA) soybean oil methanolysis using KOH as a catalyst was studied at different reaction conditions in a microreactor. Box–Behnken experimental design, with three variables, was performed and the effects of three reaction variables i.e. reaction temperature, catalyst concentration and the methanol-to-oil molar ratio on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield were evaluated b...

background: lipase is an enzyme with immense application potential. ester synthesis by lipase catalysis in organic media is an area of key industrial relevance. enzymatic preparations with traits that cater to the needs of this function are hence being intensely researched. objective: the objectives of the study were to immobilize the lipase from bacillus sp. ps35 by cross-linking and adsorptio...

Background: Lipase is an enzyme with immense application potential. Ester synthesis by lipase catalysis in organic media is an area of key industrial relevance. Enzymatic preparations with traits that cater to the needs of this function are hence being intensely researched. Objective: The objectives of the study were to immobilize the lipase from Bacillus sp. PS35 by cross-linking and adsorpti...

This study describes the potential conversion of dried microalgae. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using direct transesterification (DT) method and ionic liquids (ILs) as a catalyst. In this work, performance monocationic IL, namely 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide (IL 1), dicationic 1,4-bis(1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl) butane dibromide 2), catalysts was...

The development of new bio-based diesel substitutes can improve their compatibility with engines. Nevertheless, for actual implementation, environmental and economic performance needs to be studied. This study quantified the eco-efficiency three diesels, viz., fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), partially hydrogenated FAME (H-FAME), bio-hydrogenated (BHD), address perspective producers as well poli...

Sludge palm oil (SPO) is an attractive feedstock and a significant raw material for biodiesel production. The use of SPO can lower the cost of biodiesel production significantly. In this study biodiesel fuel was produced from SPO by esterification process using P-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as acid catalyst in different dosages in presence of methanol to convert free fatty acid (FFA) to fatty a...