Variations in the D-region electron concentration within the solar activity cycle are considered. It is demonstrated that conclusions of various authors, who have analyzed various sets of experimental data on [e], di€er signi®cantly. The most reliable seem to be the conclusions based on analysis of the [e] measurements carried out by the Faraday rotation method and on the theoretical concepts o...

We supplement the theory of the inverse Faraday effect, which was developed in the 1960s, to the conditions used today in ultrafast magnetization experiments. We show that assumptions used to derive the effective Hamiltonian and magnetization are not valid under these conditions. We extended the approach to be applicable to describe magnetization dynamics at femtosecond time scales. We show tha...

It is demonstrated how the right hand sides of the Lorentz Transformation equations may be written, in a Lorentz invariant manner, as 4–vector scalar products. This implies the existence of invariant length intervals analagous to invariant proper time intervals. This formalism, making essential use of the 4-vector electromagnetic potential concept, provides a short derivation of the Lorentz for...

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We present a study of the rotation measure (RM) obtained from a sample of extra-galactic radio sources either embedded in or seen in projection through a sample of seven southern galaxy clusters (δ ≤ 30◦). We compare our results with those obtained previously through similar statistical studies and conclude there is a statistically significant broadening of the RM signal in galaxy clusters when...

We observe the phenomenon of the Faraday-like effect, which occurs in periodically poled lithium niobate with odd number of domains (OPPLN) by the transverse electro-optic (EO) effect under the quasi-phase-matching condition. In this case, light rotates in the reverse sense during the forward and the backward path, and OPPLN shows a nonreciprocal process that is similar to the magneto-optical F...

We report on experimental observations that the two-fluid Hall dynamo plays an important role in plasma relaxation. Measurements of the Hall effect during relaxation are made in the plasma core and edge. The Hall dynamo is found to be small at the edge ( ! r /a " 0.85) but increases substantially towards the interior (r/a=0.82) as measured by probes. In the high-temperature plasma core (r/a=0.3...