Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), a member of the Forkhead box-containing O family of transcription factors, is a key regulator of numerous genes that govern a wide array of cellular functions, including differentiation, homeostasis, and survival. However, the role of FoxO1 in development remains elusive. Here, we describe an essential and previously undefined role for FoxO1 in placental development. We...

MicroRNA (miR)-150 is a developmental regulator of several immune-cell types, but its role in CD8+ T cells is largely unexplored. Here, we show that miR-150 regulates the generation of memory CD8+ T cells. After acute virus infection, miR-150 knockout (KO) mice exhibited an accelerated differentiation of CD8+ T cells into memory cells and improved production of effector cytokines. Additionally,...

The bone-resorbing osteoclast (OC) is essential for bone homeostasis, yet deregulation of OCs contributes to diseases such as osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Here we show that histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is a key positive regulator during receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs)...

OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance renders macrophages more prone to cholesterol-induced apoptosis by promoting nuclear localization of transcription factor forkhead box transcription factor (Fox) O1. However, FoxO1 also decreases macrophage inflammation, raising the question of how the balance between proapoptotic and antiinflammatory effects is determined. We sought to identify the mechanism whereb...

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infecting mechanism depends on hosting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) as essential components and androgens as regulators for inducing the expression of these components. Therefore, hyperandrogenism-related disease such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in insulin resistant wome...

PURPOSE An early and significant event in diabetic retinopathy is the loss of retinal microvascular pericytes. Studies were performed to investigate pathways through which an advanced glycation endproduct and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha stimulate apoptosis in retinal pericytes through the activation of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). METHODS Human retinal...

Excessive hepatic glucose production through the gluconeogenesis pathway is partially responsible for the elevated glucose levels observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The forkhead transcription factor forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) plays a crucial role in mediating the effect of insulin on hepatic gluconeogenesis. Here, using a db/db mouse model, we demonstrate the effectiveness ...

Members of the forkhead box O1 (FOXO) family of transcription factors are expressed in granulosa cells during various stages of follicle development, and evidence from rodent and other model systems suggests that they may be involved in regulating follicular activation and oocyte maturation. In this report, we show that FOXO1, FOXO3, and FOXO4 are expressed in human luteinized mural granulosa c...

Re-epithelialization is an important part in mucosal wound healing. Surprisingly little is known about the impact of diabetes on the molecular events of mucosal healing. We examined the role of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) in oral wounds of diabetic and normoglycemic mice with keratinocyte-specific Foxo1 deletion. Diabetic mucosal wounds had significantly delayed healing wit...