the present study on politeness is an attempt to examine (dis)agreeing strategies utilized by efl learners while chatting on the internet. subjects of the study were forty male and thirty-three female iranian natives whose internet relay chat (irc) interactions, composed of 400 excerpts, were collected between december 2007 and september 2008. data analysis was based on the general taxonomy of ...

Refusals are complex face-threatening speech acts whose appropriate performance requires not only lengthy sequences of negotiation and cooperative achievements, but also face-saving strategies to accommodate the disruptive nature act (Gass & Houck 1999). Also, since they have a face threatening nature, subject cultural variations. Consequently, care must be taken in choice refusal strategie...

Politicians, especially those who are running for president, very influential their supporters. How to speak is often a role model his followers. In fact, orders and prohibitions were strongly held by sympathizers. addressing the differences in quick count results between several survey institutions of internal surveys triggering declaration victory each presidential candidate. Submission direc...

Abstract In this article we conduct a pragmatic analysis of the Dutch utterance-final particle hoor (lit. ‘hear’). Apparently, has contradictory uses. It ex-presses politeness (involvement, togetherness), but it can also contribute to face-threatening force an utterance. We argue that there is core meaning all uses share, which by adding , speakers claim proposition at issue be part common grou...

Depending on politeness considerations, the quantifier ‘some’ can receive a broad interpretation (some and possibly all) or a narrow interpretation (some but not all). Face-threatening statements such as ‘some people hated your speech’ encourage the broad interpretation that everyone hated the speech. Because previous research showed that broad interpretations are normally faster and easier, po...