We assess the behavior of real effective exchange rates (REERs) of members of the CEMAC zone with respect to their long-term equilibrium paths. A reduced form of the fundamental equilibrium exchange rate (FEER) model is estimated and associated misalignments are derived for the period 1980 to 2009. Our findings suggest that for majority of countries, macroeconomic fundamentals have the expected...

In this work, I construct an extended model of the Heckscher-Ohlin model, in which there is an assignment problem of how to assign workers to two types of endowments, skilled and unskilled labor. In the comparative statics for a small open economy, when product prices change, the outputs change more than in the HeckscherOhlin model. In the comparative statics for a whole economy, when consumer ...

Gender Wage-Productivity Differentials and Global Integration in China In the absence of discrimination, there should be no wage-productivity differentials as relative wages should be equal to the relative marginal productivity levels of workers. This paper investigates the role of globalization on the structure and evolution of gender differentials in China by simultaneously estimating demand-...

p eople’s business credit program (kur) has been launched to alleviate poverty through provision of micro financing to micro entrepreneurs in indonesia this study aims to estimate the impact of kur program using cross-sectional data and propensity score matching technique (psm). the survey was conducted on 332 household entrepreneurs, consisting of 155 kur receivers and 177 non-kur receivers. r...

This paper investigates the impact of trade liberalization on productivity in Vietnam. The gradual opening up of markets to trade over the course of the last decade culminating with the WTO accession in 2007 makes Vietnam an ideal case for exploring this issue. We use microdata on the population of manufacturing enterprises for the period 2001 to 2010 and match these to data on exports and impo...

metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases at multiple levels of regulation. Retardation of wound healing is one of complications in diabetes mellitus due to increased collagenase activity and reduced granulation tissue in the diabetic wound. Studies on wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats suggested the possibility that the reduced breaking woun...

The aim of this contribution is to study empirically the effect of trade liberalization on productivity growth exploiting a large micro-dataset of more than 20,000 French and Italian food firms, over the 2004-2012 period. This relationship has been studied focusing on import penetration at both industry and upstream sectors level, to investigate the role played by imports in intermediate inputs...

In this paper the heterogeneous firms and trade literature is extended by integrating quality of inputs and outputs in a food and agricultural setting. Recently, Sexton (2013) has suggested that intermediate agricultural input quality is critical in food processing firms’ output quality and pricing decisions. The results presented in this paper indicate that intermediate agricultural input qual...

Pausing by reverse transcriptase (RT) during retroviral replication increases the frequency of homologous strand transfer, nucleotide misincorporation, and non-templated nucleotide addition. Pausing frequency increases at sites of DNA damage or upon incorporation of nucleotide analogs with steric barriers. These lesions thus likely stimulate mutations leading to resistant viral strains that esc...