When politicians negotiate in international climate conventions they may suffer from incomplete information about each other’s preferences about reaching an agreement. As is known, this may cause failure to reach an efficient cooperative agreement. We study the role of the clean development mechanism (CDM) for the likelihood of such failure. The CDM has been introduced in the context of the Kyo...

I investigate when side payments facilitate cooperation in a context with strategic delegation. On the one hand, allowing side payments may be necessary when one party’s participation constraint otherwise would be violated. On the other, with side payments each principal appoints a delegate that values the project less, because this increases her bargaining power. Reluctant agents, in turn, imp...

The parameters of the shot's trajectory were reported for male and female gold medalists (classes F52, F53, F54, and F55) who competed at the 2000 Paralympic Games and the 2002 International Paralympic Committee (IPC) World Championships. The specific objective was to determine the magnitude of differences in these parameters across classes and genders. The release velocity of the shot increase...

In an interconnected world, economic and political interests inevitably reach beyond national borders. Since policy choices generate external costs, foreign state non-state actors have interest in influencing actions other sovereign countries to their advantage. Foreign influence is a strategic choice aimed at internalizing these externalities takes three principal forms: (i) voluntary agreemen...

This paper extends the standard model of self-enforcing dynamic international environmental agreements by allowing the length of the period of commitment of such agreements to vary as a parameter. It analyzes the pattern of behavior of the size of stable coalitions, the stock of pollution, and the emission rate as a function of the length of the period of commitment. It is shown that the length...

La part de l’aide humanitaire croît dans totale. Or les acteurs impliqués restent peu étudiés. Cet article documente la fragmentation à un double niveau : celui des donneurs et terrains. Le jeu délégation entre deux peut réduire effets négatifs l’aide. À partir trois études cas, le lien fragmentation, efficacité est il...

This paper explains why the approach taken so far to mitigate global climate change has failed. The central reason is an inability to enforce targets and timetables. Current proposals recommending even stricter emission limits will not help unless they are able to address the enforcement deficit. Trade restrictions are one means for doing so, but trade restrictions pose new problems, particular...

For a large global economy, containing at least 195 nations, with normal goods, and an unequal world income distribution, we consider the endogenous formation and stability of an international environmental agreement (IEA) under nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Nations share green R&D efforts and enjoy R&D spillovers if they join an IEA. Nonmembers do not enjoy R&D spillovers. We sho...