نتایج جستجو برای: eye irritation
تعداد نتایج: 162096 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
In 1944, Draize et al., published a paper entitled "Methods for the study of irritation and toxicity of substances applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes". The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development published their first guideline on eye irritation in 1981, using rabbits. In the early eighties the development of alternative non-animal tests to replace the Draize eye ...
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare human and animal skin irritation data with results of selected in vitro methods, including HET-CAM test, Neutral Red Release Assay, Neutral Red Uptake Assay and EpiOcular eye irritation test and with already existing data of eye irritation obtained from animal experiments. METHODS Chemicals employed in previous skin irritation validation studies...
This paper is presented to make both ocular symptoms and signs clear, by means of some experiments on the eye affected by photochemical air pollution. This paper summarizes three experiments, these results and discussion. The first series of experiments were performed in order to research eye irritation caused by photochemical synthetic irritants. They proved the threshold of eye irritation and...
OBJECTIVE This experimental study was designed to investigate the safety and the effectiveness of Samjeong pharmacopuncture solution (SPS) manufactured by using a the lowtemperature extract on process. METHODS To identify the safety and the effectiveness of using SPS as eye drops, we performed applied eye irritation tests on rabbits and antibacterial tests for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyloc...
The BALB/c 3T3 NRU test is probably the cytotoxicity test that has been used most frequently in formal validation programs, all of which were aimed at evaluation of cytotoxicity in predicting eye irritancy. Large-scale studies to be mentioned here are Phases I, II, and III of the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) validation program (Gettings et al., 1991, 1992, 1994a, 1994b);...
The eye irritation potential of drug candidates or pharmaceutical ingredients should be evaluated if there is a possibility of ocular exposure. Traditionally, the ocular irritation has been evaluated by the rabbit Draize test. However, rabbit eyes are more sensitive to irritants than human eyes, therefore substantial level of false positives are unavoidable. To resolve this species difference, ...
The COLIPA eye irritation programme for development of in vitro eye irritation assays incorporates integrated research projects and collaborative activities with external partners. The research projects focus on understanding mechanisms of eye injury and identification of new in vitro endpoints more predictive of the in vivo human response to chemical injury resulting in new or improved in vitr...
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