A close association has been established between climate and peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB). The incidence of PUB in cold climates is significantly higher than that in hot climates. In this study, gastric mucosal damage and its barrier function (through associated barrier factors) in extreme climate conditions were examined to investigate the pathogenesis of PUB in extreme cold climates. Gastric j...

Extreme cold events in natural gas demand are characterized by unusual dynamics that makes modeling the characteristics of the gas demand during extreme cold events a challenging task. This unusual dynamics is in the form of hysteresis, possibly due to human behavioral response to extreme weather conditions. To natural gas distribution utilities, extreme cold events represent high risk events g...

We estimate the effect of extreme weather on life expectancy in the US. Using high frequency mortality data, we find that both extreme heat and extreme cold result in immediate increases in mortality. However, the increase in mortality following extreme heat appears entirely driven by temporal displacement, while the increase in mortality following extreme cold is long lasting. The aggregate ef...

OBJECTIVES The authors examined the increase in mortality associated with hot and cold temperature in different locations, the determinants of the variability in effect estimates, and its implications for adaptation. METHODS The authors conducted a case-crossover study in 50 US cities. They used daily mortality and weather data for 6 513 330 deaths occurring during 1989-2000. Exposure was ass...

The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) is widely used to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa). One major limitation of the SEBAL model is the subjectiveness in selecting extreme cold/hot pixels. In the present study, the SEBAL model is modified by determining the extreme cold/hot status, based on the theoretical trapezoidal relationship between land surface temperature (Ts) a...