日本では近年、台風に伴う暴風雨や線状降水帯等に伴う集中豪雨による激甚災害が多発しており、また夏季の猛暑により熱中症による多数の死者が出ている。このような大雨や高温等の極端な気象現象について、近年どのような変化がみられるのか、また、今後の地球温暖化の進行によりどのように変化するか、IPCC第6次報告書（AR6）レポートで評価されている。本稿では、IPCC AR6第11章の知見をもとに、高温や大雨、台風や温帯低気圧・メソ降水系等の極端気象現象の将来変化について紹介する。

One of the most significant consequences of global warming due to increase in greenhouse gases would be an increase in magnitude and frequency of extreme precipitation events. In the present study the trends in extreme rainfall indices for the period 1901-2000 were examined for 100 stations over India. The trends for the southwest monsoon season and annual period were calculated separately. The...

Extreme hydrological events such as flood and drought drive vegetation dynamics and are projected to increase in frequency in association with climate change, which could result in sequences of extreme events. However, experimental studies of vegetation responses to climate have largely focused on responses to a trend in climate or to a single extreme event but have largely overlooked the poten...

Introduction: Extreme weather or climate, including heat waves and cold waves, is considered a health issue causing adverse effects on health, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), mortality and morbidity. Thus, this systematic review aimed to study the impacts of extreme ambient temperature on cardiovascular outcomes. Material and Methods: This study was carried out based on the Preferred R...

One of the most important problems in meteorology, physical oceanography, climatology, and related fields is the understanding and dynamical description of multi-scale interactions. Multi-scale interactions are closely related to extreme events in climate and, therefore, of great practical importance. Here an extreme event is defined in terms of the non-Gaussian tail (sometimes also called a we...

climate is the most important factor which control desertification .in order to detect climate changes in desert zones, time trend analysis is applied to extreme indices in kashan station using extreme climate index software (ecis). results show significant trends in extreme indices during the past decade 1995-2004 and the pronounced warming is associated with a negative trend in cold extremes....

Climate-related environmental and humanitarian crisis are important challenges in the Great Horn of Africa (GHA). In the absence of long-term past climate records in the region, tree-rings are valuable climate proxies, reflecting past climate variations and complementing climate records prior to the instrumental era. We established annually resolved multi-century tree-ring chronology from Junip...

One very important topic in climatology, meteorology, and related fields is the detailed understanding of extremes in a changing climate. There is broad consensus that the most hazardous effects of climate change are due to a potential increase (in frequency and/or intensity) of extreme weather and climate events. Extreme events are by definition rare, but they can have a significant impact on ...

The association between climate change and the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events is now well established. General circulation models of climate change predict that heatwaves will become more frequent and intense, especially in the higher latitudes, affecting large metropolitan areas that are not well adapted to them. Exposure to extreme heat is already a significant public health p...