This paper focuses on the development of explicit self-awareness in children. Mirror self-recognition has been the most popular paradigm used to assess this ability in children. Nevertheless, according to Rochat (2003), there are, at least, three different levels of explicit self-awareness. We therefore designed three different self-recognition tasks, each corresponding to one of these levels (...

Social insects use odors as cues for a variety of behavioral responses, including nestmate recognition. Past research on nestmate recognition indicates cuticular hydrocarbons are important nestmate discriminators for social insects, but other factors are likely to contribute to colony-specific odors. Here we experimentally tested whether external microbes contribute to nestmate recognition in r...

Groups in nature can be formed by interactions between individuals, or by external pressures like predation. It is reasonable to assume that groups formed by internal and external conditions have different dynamics and structures. We propose a computational model to investigate the effects of individual recognition on the formation and structure of animal groups. Our model is composed of agents...

Face recognition is impaired when changes are made to external face features (e.g., hairstyle), even when all internal features (i.e., eyes, nose, mouth) remain the same. Eye movement monitoring was used to determine the extent to which altered hairstyles affect processing of face features, thereby shedding light on how internal and external features are stored in memory. Participants studied a...

AUTOMATIC PHONEME RECOGNITION Beng T. Tan Dept. of Elect. and Comp. Eng., The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. Phillip Dermody National Acoustic Laboratories, 126 Greville Street, NSW 2067, Australia. Minyue Fu, Andrew Spray Dept. of Elect. and Comp. Eng., The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. ABSTRACT This study investigates the e ect of di erent external and middle ea...

objectives: the present research is aimed at surveying the role of (internal and external) religious orientation in the mental health and the extent of depression in elderly people residing in welfare centers and the society. methods: the study has been conducted through post-event and correlation method by using stochastic and cluster sampling in 230 cases of elderly people at senior citizens`...

Individuals' memory experiences typically covary with those of others' around them, and on average, an item is more likely to be familiar if a companion recommends it as such. Although it would be ideal if observers could use the external recommendations of others' as statistical priors during recognition decisions, it is currently unclear how or if they do so. Furthermore, understanding the se...

The question whether face recognition in photographic negative relies more on external features and pictorial cues than in photographic positive was studied in five experiments. Recognition of whole faces as well as both external and internal features of the faces was compared in experiments 1 and 2. The conditions in which views of faces between learning and test were either identical (hence p...