Background: In this study, Quantitative 32P bremsstrahlung planar and SPECT imaging and consequent dose assessment were carried out as a comprehensive phantom study to define an appropriate method for accurate Dosimetry in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: CT, planar and SPECT bremsstrahlung images of Jaszczak phantom containing a known activity of 32P were acquired. In addition, Phanto...

the geometric distribution of states duration is one of the main performance limiting assumptions of hidden markov modeling of speech signals. stochastic segment models, generally, and segmental hmm, specifically, overcome this deficiency partly at the cost of more complexity in both training and recognition phases. in this paper, a new duration modeling approach is presented. the main idea of ...

We present a noise-injected version of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm: the Noisy Expectation Maximization (NEM) algorithm. The NEM algorithm uses noise to speed up the convergence of the EM algorithm. The NEM theorem shows that additive noise speeds up the average convergence of the EM algorithm to a local maximum of the likelihood surface if a positivity condition holds. Corollary...

In the previous class we already mentioned that many of the most powerful probabilistic models contain hidden variables. We will denote these variables with y. It is usually also the case that these models are most easily written in terms of their joint density, p(d,y,θ) = p(d|y,θ) p(y|θ) p(θ) (1) Remember also that the objective function we want to maximize is the log-likelihood (possibly incl...


 This paper discuss about the use face patteren recognition which is now days become popular especialy on smartphone lock screen system. The method used in this research are Expectation – Maximization (EM) Algorithm. EM Algorithm an iterative optimization for estimation of Maximum Likelihood (ML) incomplete data problems. there 2 stages, namely stage E (E-step) and M (M-step). These two s...

the air transport industry is seeking to manage risks in air travels. its main objective is to detect abnormal behaviors in various flight conditions. the current methods have some limitations and are based on studying the risks and measuring the effective parameters. these parameters do not remove the dependency of a flight process on the time and human decisions. in this paper, we used an hmm...