The article is devoted to evaluation of the possibility usage BIM for existing buildings. While processes are established new buildings, majority buildings not maintained, refurbished or deconstructed with yet. However, it can play a significant role better operation and maintenance building facility management. Research in creating has received growing attention recent years. objective this pa...

Capturing and modelling 3D information of the built environment is very challenging. A number of techniques and technologies are now in use such as EDM, GPS, photogrammetric applications, and building surveying applications. However, use of these technologies has not been practical and efficient with regard to time, cost and accuracy. A multi-disciplinary knowledge base, created from studies an...

Research on indoor navigation models mainly focuses on geometric and logical models .The models are enriched with specific semantic information which supports localisation, navigation and guidance. Geometric models provide information about the structural (physical) distribution of spaces in a building, while logical models indicate relationships (connectivity and adjacency) between the spaces....

a major reason why many developing nations have not made significant advancement in sustainable development (sd) agenda is the neglect of existing building stock which forms the bulk of built assets. although sustainable development is a universal challenge, it cannot be approached in the same way for all nations, but rather practical response can be defined nationally or locally. this paper re...