This chapter considers the emissions of ammonia (NH 3) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from the excreta of agricultural animals deposited in buildings and collected as either liquid slurry or solid manure. This includes emissions from animal excreta at all stages: animal housing, manure storage and from land spreading of manures. Excreta deposited in fields by grazing animals are dealt with under SNA...

Human excreta is a low cost source of nutrients vital to plant growth, but also a source of pathogens transmissible to people and animals. We investigated the cost-savings and infection risk of soil transmitted helminths (STHs) in four scenarios where farmers used either inorganic fertilizer or fresh/composted human excreta supplemented by inorganic fertilizer to meet the nutrient requirements ...

The experiment was performed to study the relationship between excreta viscosity and Nitrogen-corrected true metabolisable energy quantities of soybean meals using conventional addition method (CAM) in adult cockerels for 7 d: a 3-d preexperiment and a 4-d experiment period. Results indicated that differences between the excreta viscosity values were (P<0.01) significant for SBMs. The excreta v...

Dove's excreta samples from state Bolívar several places in Venezuela, were evaluated to determine the presence of primary pathogen fungi in dove's excreta. Filamentous fungi such as: Aspergillus spp (31.1%), Mucor spp (20.2%), Penicillium spp (9.5%) and Fusarium spp (6.7%) were the most frequently isolated strains. Species such as Candida albicans (4.1%), Cryptococcus albidus and Rhodotorula s...

Dobriner, Rhoads, and Lavin (8, 9) isolated from the excreta of rats injected subcutaneously with 1,2,5,6_dibenzanthracene 1 a phenolic compound which was later shown by Cason and Fieser (3) to have an absorption spectrum identical with that of synthetic 4',8'-dihydroxy-i,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene (Fig. z); the same phenolic derivative was also present in the excreta of mice which had received sim...

1 in southern Japan, Bs was added to all broiler feeds (0 or 3x105 CFU/g), and excreta collected at 2 ages. At 14 d, in the Bs ock Lac increased (P<0.05) and Salmonella were not detected vs 4.97 Log10 CFU/g excreta in the negative control ock. At 49 d, Clostridium perfringens (3.22 vs 2.66 Log10 CFU/g excreta; P<0.05) and Salmonella (4.07 vs 3.31 Log10 CFU/g excreta, P<0.01; 20/20 vs 10/20, P...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of caecectomy and source of dietary fibre and starch on excretion of amino acids by laying hens. In Expt 1, caecectomized hens excreted significantly higher levels of several amino acids than intact hens during a 24 h fasting period. These differences were greatest for threonine, proline and leucine. In Expt 2, caecectomized and intact hens...

Human enteric viral infections are considered to be predominantly associated with human wastes, as opposed to animal wastes, and a distinction between these has benefits for water quality control and risk assessment. A variety of techniques have been described to distinguish between human and animal faecal pollution of water. F-RNA (male-specific) coliphages have been classified into four sero-...