Abstract The origins of Kiruna-type magnetite(-apatite) [Mt(-Ap)] deposits are contentious, with existing models ranging from purely hydrothermal to orthomagmatic end members. Here, we evaluate the compositions fluids that formed classic yet enigmatic Mt(-Ap) deposit at El Laco, northern Chile. We report evidence ore-stage minerals crystallized an Fe-rich (6–17 wt% Fe) sulfate melt. suggest a m...

Introduction: The Mars Exploration Rovers have detected distinctive suites of evaporite minerals at the Martian surface precipitated from fluids derived from basaltic weathering under low pH conditions. Orbital spectroscopic observations have confirmed the global distributions of these materials. The formation and stability of evaporite assemblages have been well modeled at Meridiani Planum for...

On April 26, 1996, Public Law 104-134 was Chart 1 .-Payment volume, by type of disbursement, fiscal year 1997 enacted, requiring all Federal payments except tax refunds be issued electronically by January 2, 1999, thus beginning a new era in electronic N Federal tax 10.5% funds transfer (EFT). This legislation, the Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996-part of the Omnibus Consolidated Resciss...

Focused groundwater discharge in closed basins provides opportunities to investigate mechanisms for closing hydrologic and solute budgets in arid regions. The Salar de Atacama (SdA), adjacent to the Central Andean Plateau in the hyperarid Atacama Desert, provides an extreme example of halite (>1800 km) and lithium brine (~5000 ppm) accumulation spanning late Miocene to present. Minimum long-ter...

The Black Angel Zn-Pb ore deposit is hosted in folded Paleoproterozoic marbles of the Mârmorilik Formation. It exposed southern part steep and inaccessible alpine terrain Rinkian Orogen, central West Greenland. Drill-core data integrated with 3D-photogeology hyperspectral imagery rock face allow us to identify stratigraphic units extract structural information that contains geological setting t...

Stable sulfur isotope measurements (delta34S) made on samples collected from a 2 m snowpit on the Inilchek Glacier, Tien Shan Mountains (42.16 degrees N, 80.25 degrees E, 5100 m) are used to estimate sources of sulfate (SO4(2-)) in high-elevation Central Asian precipitation. Comparison of snowpit oxygen isotope (delta18O) data with previous work constrains the age of the snowpit samples to the ...

Previous orbital mapping of crystalline gray haematite, ferric oxides, and sulfates has shown an association of this mineralogy with light-toned, layered deposits on the floor of Valles Marineris, in chaos terrains in the canyon’s outflow channels, and in Meridiani Planum. The exact nature of the relationship between ferric oxides and sulfates within Valles Marineris is uncertain. The Observato...

Abstract The Juomasuo Au–Co deposit, currently classified as an orogenic gold deposit with atypical metal association, is located in the Paleoproterozoic Kuusamo belt northeastern Finland. volcano-sedimentary sequence that hosts was intensely altered, deformed, and metamorphosed to greenschist facies during 1.93–1.76 Ga Svecofennian orogeny. In this study, we investigate temporal relationship b...

The sulfur cycle influences the respiration of sedimentary organic matter, the oxidation state of the atmosphere and oceans, and the composition of seawater. However, the factors governing the major sulfur fluxes between seawater and sedimentary reservoirs remain incompletely understood. Using macrostratigraphic data, we quantified sulfate evaporite burial fluxes through Phanerozoic time. Appro...